Aim. The presented study aims to investigate the impact of the current episode of the sanctions war against Russia on the prospects for the development of the country’s socio-economic system. Tasks. The authors describe the mechanism of the sanctions’ impact on the Russian socioeconomic system; analyze a set of measures aimed at facilitating import substitution and reducing the import dependence of the Russian economy; propose directions for economic policy to counteract the high dependence of the Russian economy on technological imports; consider the possibility of developing new indicators for quantifying the dynamics of socio-economic development adequate to post-sanctions realities.
Methods. This study uses general scientific research methods (synthesis, generalization, content analysis, graphical interpretation of data, etc.) and methods of strategic, situational, correlation and regression analysis, expert assessment, computational and analytical methods.
Results. Currently, the whole world, including Russia, is rethinking the existing development model. It has been established that influential powers play only by the rules that are beneficial to them in the short term, dramatically increasing the level of risks and threats to Russia’s national economic security. In the near and medium term, they will be high. This requires the model of the Russian Federation’s foreign economic cooperation to be revised so as to develop a mechanism for reducing the import dependence of the domestic economy (in addition to import substitution) based on the creation and development of technologically advanced, globally competitive, export-oriented industries. These industries should be aimed at increasing the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation, while also focusing on the formation of import dependence on Russian supplies among trading partners. This will make it possible to put economic pressure on them to neutralize the effect of potential sanctions.
Conclusions. The new reality requires further investigation of indicators that characterize macroeconomic dynamics. The events of the last six months have once again confirmed the opinion repeatedly expressed in literature about the inadequacy of describing macroeconomic dynamics using gross domestic product (GDP) and other indicators based on it. The authors believe that special attention should be paid to socio-economic indicators reflecting the population’s well-being and quality of life. Today, the public policy system must be restructured not only to adapt to the new reality, but also to form this new reality. There is a unique opportunity to revise existing rules, find more effective ways of organizing socio-economic processes in order to institutionalize them and, as a result, set a long-term vector for the sustainable and successful development of Russia.

Aim. The presented study aims to develop a methodological basis for economy robotization.
Tasks. The authors identify theoretical and methodological prerequisites for studying economy robotization; investigate methodological approaches to economy robotization; demonstrate the application of relevant methodological approaches to studying economy robotization; develop the principles of economy robotization.
Methods. This study uses a subjective approach designed by N. V. Gerasimov and currently developed by the adherents of a school of economic modernization sciences registered at the Belarusian National Technical University under the guidance of S. Yu. Solodovnikov.
Results. The methodological basis for studying economy robotization consists in applying systems, institutional, historical, logical, and subjective approaches. The most important methodological principle of the latter — the commitment of social systems and social subjects to ensuring their socio-economic viability — determines the fundamental role of the interests of various subjects in the development of the economic system. Thanks to the development of a methodological basis for studying economy robotization, the principles of economy robotization are formulated.
Conclusions. The principles of economy robotization are developed: taking into account the interests of various social groups and classes during a new stage of the modernization of the economy; ensuring the priority of social subjects that acts as carriers of productive interests and positive economic ideology in assigning the results of economy robotization; expanding the role of the state as an economic rather than administrative or political entity representing public interests and mitigating the effects of market imperfections; supporting economy robotization by developing mechanisms to curb the growth of structural unemployment and to ensure social stability as a factor of national security; developing a conceptually completed scientific ideology of economy robotization.

Aim. The presented study aims to comprehensively assess the risks and possible consequences of sanctions imposed by foreign countries for Russian artists and cultural organizations.
Tasks. The authors develop an anti-sanction mechanism for all spheres of activity and identify the major areas of the cultural industry that require anti-sanction regulation to reduce risks and costs for the producers of socially significant goods.
Methods. This study uses statistical and factual analysis of sanctions that affect the cultural sector both directly and indirectly to comprehensively investigate the economic and legal aspects of the negative impact of sanctions.
Results. Opportunities for reducing the import dependence of some sectors (media, technological infrastructure of organizations) are considered; the social phenomenon of cancel culture is assessed in terms of its impact on the further development of art organizations; the essence of the decriminalization of intellectual property offenses is revealed. The study analyzes a set of actions that seem appropriate in the context of sanctions, including the identification of importdependent sectors in the cultural industry, risk insurance, and the application of international law to protect the interests of artists.
Conclusions. The obtained results can be used in the further strategy for the import substitution of products and services in the field of culture. Recommendations for the medium term are given.

Aim. The presented study aims to examine the concept of consumption from the socio-economic perspective and to investigate the relationship between modern consumer demand and the traditional Confucian way of life in China.
Tasks. The authors determine the concepts of private consumption in Chinese society in historical retrospect and explore the influence of Confucian ideas on modern consumers in China.
Methods. This study uses the methods of analysis, grouping, and systematization; synthesis of information from various sources in Chinese and English; general scientific methods of induction and deduction.
Results. The current Chinese government is making efforts to boost consumer demand and purchasing potential, but the desire for consumption is not common to the traditional Chinese way of life. Confucianism, which has strongly influenced Chinese society, has made Chinese buyers unique in terms of their consumer behavior and preferences.
Conclusions. Several factors affect the consumer habits and behavior in China: the ideas of Confucianism, which instill modesty and rejection of ostentatious consumption in the Chinese, on the one hand, and Western ideas of individualism and humanism, encouraging impulsive and status purchases, on the other. This apparent contradiction makes the Chinese a unique group of consumers with their own characteristics, which requires a more detailed study.

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the dynamics of air transport business development in the era of digital transformation from the perspective of the implementation of the ecosystem paradigm as a relevant modern business model organization concept.
Tasks. The authors investigate approaches to defining the concept of “ecosystem” in the field of economic relations; reveal the essence of approaches to defining the structure of the economic ecosystem; describe key trends in the development of air transport within the paradigm of the ecosystem concept.
Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition in various aspects to analyze scientific approaches to defining the concept of “ecosystem” in the field of economic relations and defining the structure of the economic ecosystem, and to identify trends in the development of air transport within the paradigm of the ecosystem concept.
Results. The introduction of the ecosystem concept into business processes leads to changes in the attitude to the concept of “competition”. The theory of rivalry is replaced by the practice of convergence — the alignment and unification of different technologies into new types of technologies. Technological convergence changes the nature of familiar things. The authors identify and analyze three essential characteristics of the concept of “ecosystem”, the joint implementation of which makes it possible to entertain the possibility of implementing the ecosystem concept of business development in practice. The digital basis of ecosystem organization ensures its modular structure, which, in turn, determines the ease and flexibility of both connecting participants to the system and exiting it. By forming new consumer preferences, the ecosystem allows participants to work with consumers successfully. In the context of the assessed advantages of the ecosystem, the authors identify and investigate its 13 disadvantages. Seven key development trends are identified from the perspective of assessing the prospects for the ecosystemization of professional activity in the passenger air transport market.
Conclusions. The tourism market is the most popular sector for ecosystem development in the air transport industry at the current stage of market development. Tourism ecosystems are a definite trend of inter-product cooperation, including those using the services of airlines, airports, and aggregator sites. The authors believe that the issues of theoretical understanding and practical analysis of the ecosystem dynamics of air transport business development in the digital age remain not fully investigated and need to be studied in detail. In further studies, the authors will analyze the organizational and legal nature of ecosystems, the essential characteristics of the structural elements of the ecosystem, the types of ecosystems in air transport, and the practice of their implementation.

Aim. The presented study aims to develop a model for the introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies into the production processes of domestic industrial companies in the aviation sector.
Tasks. The authors reveal the content of the concept of Industry 4.0; propose an index for assessing the innovativeness of enterprises; present an empirical research base (company cases); propose a model for the introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies into the production processes of companies; assess the selected companies according to the developed model.
Methods. This study uses the methods of in-depth interviews, analysis and synthesis of the obtained results. The results of the interviews are analyzed using the authors' model for the introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies. The theoretical basis of the study includes papers by foreign authors on the theory and practice of the introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies.
Results. The concept and meaning of Industry 4.0, which creates a new industrial sector and can be considered as a new industrial era based on the use of advanced technologies in business, are revealed. The authors collect empirical data on four companies in the field of aviation engineering (cases) and use them to analyze the challenges of introducing Industry 4.0 technologies and adapting existing production processes in each case. A new model for the introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies into the production processes of domestic companies is proposed and described, making allowance for the identified shortcomings of similar existing models. The results of the assessment of the studied companies according to the developed model based on the analysis of cases are presented. The major directions for the implementation of Industry 4.0 are identified: lean management, the paperless factory concept, and workshop infrastructure.
Conclusions. It is shown that each of these directions can be viewed as a basis for the successful implementation of innovations. The main conclusion of the study is that Industry 4.0 requires managers to change the way they think before any technologies can be adopted.

Aim. The presented study aims to identify online promotion factors that affect company sales, to determine the degree of correlation between them, and to investigate their impact on revenue; to develop an algorithm for forecasting the impact of these factors on key competitiveness indicators of economic entities.
Tasks. The objective of this study is to improve the efficiency of online promotion by digitalizing the process of forecasting the impact of online promotion factors on key competitiveness indicators of economic entities.
Methods. The authors use the systems and logical approaches, as well as correlation and regression, factor and variance analysis.
Results. A five-factor regression equation is developed to quantify the effectiveness of the innovation policy of online development of economic entities and to forecast the impact of online promotion factors on its competitiveness. An algorithm for forecasting this impact on key competitiveness indicators of economic entities is proposed. The obtained results can be used in the enterprise’s concept of innovation policy development and implementation.

Aim. The presented study aims to identify key factors that currently determine the spread and development of various payment methods and that will determine their development in the future.
Tasks. The authors analyze the fundamental concepts of digital retail payment methods in Russian and foreign economics; identify factors affecting the emergence and development of payment methods; conduct a survey of students and teachers of economic universities in St. Petersburg regarding the payment methods they use and method choice factors; present results and formulate conclusions.
Methods. This study uses general and specific scientific methods, as well as a formal-logical approach. In the course of the study, a survey was conducted with subsequent analysis of its results. Materials for analysis were collected in the major Russian city of St. Petersburg, where many significant financial organizations are located. Google Forms features were used to collect data. The obtained materials were analyzed and systematized.
Results. The major factors determining the development of the retail payment system and its prospects in the context of widespread digitalization are identified. According to the authors, these include the minimization of the risks of using payment methods, the convenience of their use, nativeness — intuitive clarity, the efficiency of calculations, and financial benefits (the bank’s business partners, cashback, etc.). Other factors turned out to be less significant from the user perspective.
Conclusions. Factors affecting consumer choice when using a particular payment method are usually considered together: the desire to mitigate risks is considered along with convenience, the speed of money transfer — with the possibility of obtaining benefits. The results can be useful for all financial institutions that develop new tools and services and create strategies for promoting retail instruments. Making allowance for user preferences will allow payment service providers to create products of higher quality and develop effective strategies for working in the payment services market.

Aim. The presented study aims to determine the vector and mechanisms of the digital transformation of healthcare in Russia.
Tasks. The authors analyze trends in the introduction of digital technologies in healthcare; compare the nature of healthcare digitalization in Russia and abroad; examine the features of the medical services market in the digital economy.
Methods. Within the scope of the introduction of digital technologies in the medical services sector, this study addresses several problems of theoretical research.
Results. The manufacturability of medical equipment is a major competitive advantage that determines competitiveness in the healthcare market. Scientific and technological development of medicine through the testing and introduction of cutting-edge medical equipment for diagnosis and treatment is promising.
Conclusions. The medical services market is interested in digital solutions designed to improve the quality of medical care and provide new opportunities for development. That said, opportunities that digitalization provides for public and private medical organizations need to be assessed separately.

Aim. The presented study aims to provide insight into the features and principles of managing the economic sustainability of the development of airport enterprises.
Tasks. The authors explore the concept of economic sustainability; clarify the theoretical and methodological foundations of its assessment; describe the problem of assessing the economic sustainability of airport enterprises with allowance for the characteristics of the transport market, airport services, and management contours.
Methods. Methodological approaches to sustainability assessment are analyzed. This study uses the systems approach to describe the sustainability of airport enterprises as economic systems and the resource approach to manage the sustainability of airport enterprises.
Results. The structure of an integrated index for assessing the economic sustainability of airport enterprises is presented. Sustainability management circuits are described. The principles of managing the economic sustainability of the economic system of airport enterprises in different management circuits are defined.
Conclusions. The practical and theoretical aspects of the economic sustainability of the economic systems of airport enterprises are highlighted, and the relevance of sustainability management is substantiated. The essence of the concept of economic sustainability is determined based on the resource approach in management in the context of the active influence of external factors and the disturbances generated by them. The objectives and principles of economic sustainability management under the influence of external and internal factors forming the peculiar contours of the economic sustainability management system of airport enterprises are described.