ACTUAL PROBLEMS DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS
Aim. To form a methodical approach that provides an opportunity to make more complete, concentrated and targeted work in the strategic directions of marketing of territories as the basis of the activities of regional authorities to increase the attractiveness of the regions.
Tasks. To identify the strategic directions of increasing the attractiveness of the region; to determine the factors of assessment, growth of efficiency and information promotion of the direction related to increasing the attractiveness of the region; to make a detailed description of the factors that should be considered in the marketing work in the regions.
Methods. The construction of the methodological approach for the assessment and implementation of strategic directions to improve the socio-economic attractiveness of regions is based on the provisions of the systematic approach and multifactor analysis.
Results. Within the framework of the approach outlined in the article, the following elements of regional strategic plans have been developed in order to increase the socio-economic attractiveness of the regions: increasing the competitiveness of the regional product, attracting investment (formation of a favorable investment climate), creating favorable and comfortable conditions for temporary stay. The implementation of evaluation, improvement of efficiency and information promotion of the regions in these directions will make it possible to create a disposable territorial image for external economic agents in relation to the region (for example, investors, newcomers).
Conclusions. The presented methodical approach allows to form the basis for marketing activities for the development of strategic directions of growth of the level of socio-economic attractiveness of the regions. The marketing of the regions acts as an integral part of their strategies, providing the solution of regional tasks for the formation of an attractive image, which leads to the need to take into account the given blocks and factors in the implementation of regional strategic planning. The prospect of the study can be the development of methods to assess the implementation of regional policy in the sphere of marketing of territories.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Aim. To identify the influence of the environmental factor on the competitive attractiveness of regions in the inter-regional space of Russia and its individual regions.
Tasks. To determine the significance of the impact of applied statistical indicators that reflect the environmental component of the territory's competitive attractiveness on the factor of the quality of life and integral assessment; to analyze the extent to which the applied indicators can reflect the impact of environmental problems on the competitive attractiveness of the quality of life.
Methods. In the present study, when considering and identifying the impact of the environmental component on the competitive attractiveness of the regions, the concept of sequential detailing the study of the impact of competitive attractiveness factors: from the overall picture to the individual environmental indicators used.
Results. The obtained data are verified on the assessments of the competitive attractiveness of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District for 2020, calculated on the basis of official statistics.
Conclusions. The applied environmental indicators are not enough to assess the competitive attractiveness of the regions. The author proposes to expand their list by including new indicators in the factors of economy, innovation and human potential for a more objective account of the influence of ecology on the competitive attractiveness and sustainability of territorial development.
MODERNIZATION OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMICS
Aim. To determine the possibility of assessing the energy management of municipalities as an indicator of differentiation of municipal districts by quality of management in the Leningrad region.
Tasks. To describe the energy capacity of the Leningrad region; to assess the impact of energy management as a management practice on the differentiation of municipal districts in terms of management quality; to compare the quality of general management and energy management in municipal districts.
Methods. The authors used modern methodology of socio-economic research, including the application of system and process approaches, the method of comparative analysis.
Results. A mismatch was found between the overall quality of management (in terms of assessed results) and the quality of energy management in municipal districts.
Conclusions. According to the author's position, the uneven quality of management in municipal districts is obvious. The necessity of introducing into the practice of municipal management of the Leningrad region of the Russian Federation (RF) a more responsible approach to solving the problem of improving the energy efficiency of the regional socio-economic system as a goal of energy management, which should be seen as a means to improve the system of public production (goods and services) and improve the quality of environment and life of the population in the region under study.
Aim. Development of scenario forecasts of the dynamics of indicators of regional development, taking into account the level of balance of innovation processes.
Tasks. To determine the factors of balanced economic and innovation development of the regions; to form a matrix of balanced innovation development; to work out a methodology for calculating the integral index of balanced innovation development of the regions; to analyze the dynamics of the index of balanced innovation development of the signal regions of the Volga Federal District (VFD); to prepare scenario forecasts of the index of balanced innovation development of the signal regions of VFD.
Methods. The author used general scientific and special research methods, taking into account their cognitive potential. The latter include correlation and regression, discriminant and cluster types of analysis, content analysis, graphic representation, as well as methods of individual and collective expert evaluations. SPSS Statistics software product was used during statistical data processing.
Results. The proposed methodology for calculating the index of balanced innovation development is based on the use of ideas about the internal factors of balance, which include the compliance of economic systems with the signs of stability and equilibrium, as well as the proportionality of changes in its elements.
Conclusions. The methodology substantiated by the author complements the analytical tools for studying the patterns of innovation development by including the indicators of the level of balance and their impact on the dynamics of economic indicators. The obtained conclusions can be used to refine the forecasts of indicators of economic development of the regions, taking into account the state of innovation processes.
DIGITAL ECONOMICS
Aim. To identify the features and prospects of the transformation of top management with the application of new competencies in the management system of the company on the basis of universal digitalization in the economy.
Tasks. To describe the main prerequisites for management transformation under digitalization conditions; to analyze the importance of introducing new professional competencies in the management system that would allow to adapt in the changing market conditions of the digital economy, and to identify the difficulties on the way of transformation of top-level management under conditions of uncertainty.
Methods. The author used general scientific methods, including observation and analysis, as well as applied methods of structural and system analysis.
Results. New changes in enterprise management in the conditioned digital environment form new professional competencies at the level of top management, which allows top managers to solve many problems under uncertainty and effectively manage the company as a whole. The article may be useful for senior managers, top managers and practitioners interested in the development and application of modern methods of company management with regard to professional competencies that allow responding quickly to changes both outside and inside the company under the impact of digitalization.
Conclusions. In the digital economy, the effectiveness of management decisions at the level of senior management using digital technologies, in particular algorithms and virtual reality application capabilities, taking into account new professional competencies, increases manifold. The management system becomes improved, as it includes and encompasses a set of all kinds of transformations in the implementation of management decisions regarding company employees.
Aim. To define the essence of digital transformation as an object of management, as well as to formulate the conceptual provisions and strategic framework for the management of innovative digital projects in the management system of the organization.
Tasks. To investigate the essence of digital transformation, presenting it as an area of mutual intersection of strategic, innovation and project management; to analyze the conceptual apparatus used in relation to the most important categories of these management systems; to conduct a comparative analysis of the main essential characteristics of the management systems considered; to determine the essence of innovation digital project management and its place in the general system of organization management; to identify the strategic foundations of innovation project management; to determine the strategic basis for the management of digital innovation projects; to determine the strategic basis for the management of digital innovation projects; to determine the strategic basis for the management of digital innovation projects.
Methods. The study used methods of logical and comparative analysis, analytical processing of information, as well as graphic representation of information. The basis of the study were standardized approaches to the formation of management systems, described in the relevant national and international standards.
Results. The essence of digital transformation, which is presented as an area of mutual intersection of strategic, innovation and project management, which allowed to consider projects in the field of digitalization as part of the innovation projects implemented by the organization. The conceptual apparatus used in relation to the most significant categories of the listed management systems was studied, and on this basis the author's vision of the process of digital transformation was presented. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of the main essential characteristics of strategic, innovation and project management, the structure of the innovation management system of the organization, the target function of which is to create innovation value, is shown. The essence of management of innovative digital projects, its place in the overall system of organizational management, which is due to the interaction between elements of the external and internal digital environment on the basis of a close relationship between different levels of management. The strategic basis for the management of innovative digital projects, based on a conceptual vision of the relationship and interdependence of its components.
Conclusions. Based on the study of digital transformation as an object of management, on the results of the analysis of the conceptual apparatus, which is used in strategic, innovation and project management, taking into account the specifics of digital transformation is a conceptual vision of the strategic framework that determines the place of digital transformation management in the overall organizational management system.
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Aim. To develop recommendations on forecasting customs risks in export supply chains (ESC) for participants in foreign economic activity (FEA).
Tasks. To consider the specific and problematic aspects of the customs risks from the standpoint of participants of foreign economic activity; to offer the variant of customs risks classification; to highlight possible risk-forming factors; to form the algorithm of forecasting.
Methods. The author used general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, decomposition) and special scientific methods (method of expert evaluations, legal analysis).
Results. Recommendations for participants of foreign economic activity on predicting customs risks in EDS were developed and presented in the form of an algorithm. Option of visualizing the results of the forecast in the form of a forecast map is offered.
Conclusions. Prediction algorithm aimed at improving the efficiency of customs risk management in EDS has been presented. Application of the above algorithm will reduce the unreasonable logistical costs of exporters, which in general will contribute to improving the competitiveness of EDS and the development of export activities.
FINANCES AND CREDIT
Aim. To develop guidelines and instruments of the stimulating monetary policy of the Russian Federation (RF), contributing in the conditions of the sanctions imposed to increase the rate of economic growth and its efficiency.
Tasks. Analysis of the state of the Russian economy, the main directions of its further development and regulation mechanisms; study of the financial potential of the Russian economy (savings and investments) in conditions of closing access to financial markets and to international payment and settlement systems of developed countries; study of the ongoing monetary policy of Russia, its main components — monetary and fiscal policy, their impact on economic growth; analysis of modern monetary theory, existing views of Russian and foreign economists
Methods. The authors applied the method of analysis in the process of studying the practice of monetary and fiscal regulation in Russia and abroad, carried out economic analysis. The article reflects the research data of Russian and foreign specialists. A systematic approach, which provides for the interdependence of monetary, fiscal policy and macroeconomic regulation of the economy, investment and innovation development, was used.
Results. The need to combine the ongoing restraining anti-inflationary monetary policy with a soft budget policy, providing incentives for modernization of enterprises, domestic demand and supply at the expense of targeted budget financing within the adopted state programs of socio-economic, structural and innovative development with reasonable limits of budget deficit and public debt has been established.
Conclusions. In a stagflationary environment, it seems appropriate to pursue a strict anti- inflationary monetary policy of the Bank of Russia, restraining credit issuance and stimulating the growth of savings. Closed access of RF residents to financial markets of developed countries with excessive monetary resources, limited opportunities for growth of domestic savings and savings, insufficient inflow of foreign investments due to high risks of Russian residents to foreign markets increases the importance of targeted budget financing in the context of state programs to expand and modernize production, structural reforms and innovation development. To justify the limits of the deficit of state and municipal budgets and debts, it is necessary to apply the indicators of fiscal gaps. As the key rate of the Bank of Russia decreases, the financial market stabilizes, and the targets of targeted programs are met, budget financing is replaced by private investment, bank and commercial lending.
Aim. To consider the principles and examples of development of the strategy of a commercial bank in the stock market.
Tasks. To characterize the principles of developing the strategy, to reveal and describe the peculiarities of the stock market; to substantiate the possibility and necessity of the presence of the commercial bank in the stock market; to analyze the example of the strategy taking into account modern realities.
Methods. The author used general scientific methods of research (analysis, synthesis), as well as methods of strategic analysis.
Results. The strategy of commercial bank on the stock market, taking into account the obvious changes in the economy in 2022-2023 was developed.
Conclusions. The process of development of the strategy of the commercial bank in the stock market is an event that requires a comprehensive approach. This development is aimed at achieving long-term stability and profitability of the credit institution, which requires the development of rules and procedures for risk management in accordance with current legislation and international standards. The bank in today's turbulent environment must adapt its strategy to constantly changing economic conditions.
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS
Aim. To find and argue points of growth of additive manufacturing, as well as to justify the relevance and significance of new business models using digital platforms.
Tasks. To consider the features of management of digital additive manufacturing; to analyze the reasons for the low rate of additive technology development; to show the prospects of digital development of additive manufacturing; to justify the importance of digital platforms for additive services as a new business model and prove that digital additive manufacturing can be characterized as a system innovation.
Methods. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, monographic, grouping) were used in the research. The best Russian and world practices, fundamental and applied works of national and foreign researchers, scientists, practitioners in the field of management, digital transformation were studied using the search of relevant research in open sources, both in general purpose search engines, and in specialized search engines and databases.
Results. It is proved that digital additive manufacturing should be regarded as a system innovation, and its large-scale benefits can be realized if the technology is complemented by various innovations in products, processes and services. From the author's point of view, the potential and prospects of a new business model in the online market of additive design and manufacturing are obvious: a digital platform of additive services for manufacturing parts from various materials.
Conclusions. Additive manufacturing plays a vital role in Industry 4.0 because of the shortened cycle time of the lean process and the high degree of decentralization of production processes. Therefore, a systematic approach using digital platforms is required to unlock their capabilities. Customers who require parts produced using this technology can place their designs on a platform and find a manufacturing partner based on available technical resources, geographic location, and the amount of anticipated cost. Implementing a digital platform design strategy that integrates all stages of the design and production process for different products, facilitates data traceability and product reproducibility on different additive manufacturing machines, greatly increases customer value.
Aim. To consider the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and special military operation on the structure of the international derivatives market.
Tasks. To characterize the regional structure of the international derivatives market; to analyze the specifics of trade by region, country, exchange and underlying assets; to identify key trends in the international derivatives market and the factors forming them during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and special military operation.
Methods. General scientific methods of research (analysis and synthesis, induction, classification, etc.), as well as computational and analytical methods were used.
Results. Two key trends were identified in the study of changes in international derivatives trading activity. First, the Asia-Pacific region, led by India and China, has taken the lead in the international derivatives trade structure in terms of trade volume. The U.S. region, led by the United States and Brazil, has lagged far behind the Asia-Pacific region in terms of trade activity since the launch of the special military operation, which may entail capital outflows from America to East and South Asia. Second, the West Asian region, which includes a number of countries in the Near and Middle East, led by Turkey and Iran, is a new player in the derivatives market, which has entered into competition with the European region. During the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, the West Asian region actively increased derivatives trading volumes. The most popular underlying assets of derivatives were stocks, whose trading volume during the pandemic approached the trading volume of the European region as a whole, which includes the European Union countries, Great Britain and Russia. After the start of the special military operation, the drop in volumes in the European region put the West Asian region in third place in the international structure of derivatives trading activity, indicating the growing competition between West Asia and Europe.
Conclusions. The transformation of the international market based on the outflow of trade activity to South, East and West Asia during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and special military operation forms a qualitatively new interaction of participants in the international derivatives market. India, China, Turkey and Iran are new key players in the Asian region. Their interaction creates prerequisites for the creation of a contour of new economic mutually advantageous interaction in the world economic system, in which the competition is between the regions of South Asia, East Asia and America, as well as between West Asia and the European region. To form a clearer contour of the participants of the new economic interaction, further research on the centers of capitalization in the international derivatives market and the basis for their formation, as well as infrastructure research aimed at studying the transatlantic and continental system of interconnection of exchanges is needed.
Aim. To determine the characteristics of the current stage of digitalization and on this basis to form a management approach to the implementation of the digital transformation of the organization, including a management model and recommendations for its use by modern organizations.
Tasks. To argue the key role of digitalization in changing the nature of processes occurring in the organization, as well as in the economy and society as a whole; to characterize the prerequisites of digital transformation and group them; to systematize the challenges that accompany the implementation of digital transformation in modern organizations; to present a management model of digital transformation of the organization; to justify the need for a technology audit in the application of this model.
Methods. The methodological basis of the research was the conceptual ideas about innovative development and the theoretical foundations of digitalization, which allowed to use a system of general scientific methods and approaches to the study, including analysis and synthesis, expert assessments, methods of factor analysis, visualization and generalization. The material for analysis at the stage of preparing the article was reviews and analytical reports of major consulting and research companies, as well as information posted on official Internet resources.
Results. The increasing role of digital transformation as a necessary element of the information society, which changes the focus and nature of management and business processes of modern organizations, was substantiated with the help of the author's proposals. The prerequisites of digital transformation are characterized, and their grouping is presented, based on the current scenario of digital development, due to the rapid growth of innovation, which has a direct impact on the activities of all organizations. The challenges that organizations have to face in the implementation of digital transformation, as well as the tasks to minimize and overcome them, based on the statement of problematic issues in the assessment of the digital maturity of the enterprise are systematized. A cyclic management model of digital transformation of the organization, which implies a clear sequence of actions with the elaboration of a set of management measures of strategic orientation to improve the implemented business processes, was proposed. The need for a technology audit as part of the application of the digital transformation model is argued, and recommendations for its organization are given, taking into account the focus, scope, and prioritization of the actions taken.
Conclusions. Based on the analysis of publications and the study of the distinctive characteristics of the current stage of organizational management, it is concluded that the digital transformation is one of the most important trends and challenges for organizational management today. The implementation of the management approach proposed by the author should ensure the accelerated integration of the organization into the digital space and increase its strategic competitiveness.