The presented study analyses the results of trade and investment cooperation between the Russian Federation and South Korea over the past 30 years — since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1990.

Aim. The study aims to analyze major trends in commodity and investment flows between the two countries to identify the main features of bilateral cooperation over 30 years.

Tasks. The author identifies the main stages of bilateral cooperation; assesses the initial conditions at the time of its origin and how these conditions changed over time; identifies the features of merchandise trade between the two countries; analyzes regional investment structure; describes possible ways to enhance cooperation.

Methods. This study uses systematic methods of statistical analysis of trade and investment, synthesis of information from various uses, including general scientific methods of induction and deduction.

Results. The author determines general trends in the development of trade between the countries — in particular, the increasing concentration of trade flows in several commodity categories, both from Russia and from Korea. Disproportions associated with the amount and orientation of investment and the nature of the business involved in cooperation are identified. Emphasis is placed on the asymmetry in the degree of government involvement in bilateral economic relations.

Conclusions. To enhance cooperation, it is important to create mechanisms and institutions that could serve bilateral trade and investment flows without reference to third countries.

The presented study addresses the problem of the correlation between the economic interests of market transaction participants and the market expectations of the seller and the buyer. Innovative balance indices of price and quantity are proposed to be used as a tool for solving this problem.

Aim. The study aims to show how the balance indices of price and quantity can be used to achieve a parity compromise in market transactions with a fixed purchase and sale budget, which is the optimal result for the seller and the buyer and ensures the stability of mutually beneficial market relations between economic agents.

Tasks. To achieve the set aim, the authors analyze the commodity-money balance of interests and its structure from the perspective of the seller and the buyer; substantiate the need to build a balance of market expectations; assess the possibility of using the index method as a synthetic method to resolve (according to Hegel) contradictions between interests and expectations by combining them.

Methods. This study uses methods of mathematical analysis, numerical methods of approximate evaluation of functions, index method, method of analogies, provisions of theories of adaptive and rational expectations.

Results. The Laspeyres and Paasche indices can be interpreted as changes in the adaptive and rational expectations of economic agents respectively. It is proved that the balance indices of price and quantity are the coordinates of the point of parity compromise, where “pure” and “mixed” market expectations and economic interests of the seller and the buyer converge.

Conclusions. It is established that in market transactions with a fixed budget, the balance of economic interests on a compensatory basis is beneficial for the seller and absolutely not beneficial for the buyer. In order for the balance of interests to be beneficial for both participants of the transaction, it must be viewed through the prism of the balance of market expectations. Balance indices of price and quantity serve as a tool that establishes a connection between the balances of market expectations and economic interests.

Aim. The presented study aims to summarize the experience of ASEAN countries in the harmonization of national legislations regulating the financial markets of the Association’s individual member states and to systematize approaches used by this regional bloc when building cooperation in the financial sector within the ASEAN + framework.

Tasks. The authors analyze an association’s experience of coordinating a financial market regulation policy among a group of countries; examine the experience of ASEAN’s financial cooperation with other countries within the ASEAN + framework, primarily with the region’s leading countries — China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea; assess the current level of financial and trade interaction between Russia and ASEAN member states (ASEAN + Russia framework).

Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine various aspects of the financial market integration policy of ASEAN member states, trends in the current state and development of the pursued policy, and major directions for its modernization.

Results. ASEAN countries have devoted considerable time to building relations in the field of financial market integration. However, this process has not reached the level of development that would indicate a significant breakthrough in the convergence of financial regulation or progress in the harmonization of national legislations of ASEAN member states. At the current stage of development, the pace of financial integration is slowing down. ASEAN countries have developed a structure of international financial relations, where developed countries and multinational companies play a significant role. In these circumstances, key ASEAN partners have to compete in order to change the established relations. The current results of cooperation within the ASEAN + framework do not provide a clear indication of its effectiveness.

Conclusions. Since Russia’s financial cooperation with ASEAN countries is currently at the stage of formation, obtaining results from its development requires more active efforts to create an institutional environment for cooperation and finding promising projects and junction points for its development.

Aim. The presented study aims to substantiate the objective need for legal regulation of interaction between the Caspian states in the development of Caspian resources as a starting point for balanced economic cooperation.

Tasks. The authors develop baselines for analyzing the state of economic cooperation between the Caspian Five countries, laws and regulations adopted by the Caspian states to regulate interaction in the Caspian Sea; analyze the impact of the current legal regulator of relations on the possibility, nature, and directions of cooperation between the Caspian states in the investment sphere and key sectors (energy, trade, transport, etc.).

Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition in various aspects to substantiate approaches to analyzing the legal framework of Caspian economic cooperation, identify key problems of regulating the rights of the Caspian Five states as owners of the Caspian Sea, and propose major directions for solving these problems.

Results. Analysis of laws and regulations governing the interaction between the Caspian Five states in the usage of the Caspian Sea and its resources in the context of the current stage of development of their relations shows the uncertainty of the legal status of the Caspian Sea to be the main reason for economic problems in the cooperation between the Caspian states. The identified problems determine the selection of approaches to the formation of the fundamentals of legal regulation of interaction between the Caspian states and their application to determining the content of such concepts as “the Caspian Sea as an object of law”, “legal status of the Caspian Sea”, and the principles of formation of norms regulating the legal status of the Caspian Sea serving as the main missing elements of the legal framework of cooperation between the Caspian states – the owners of the Caspian Sea and its resources.

Conclusions. Establishing the legal status of the Caspian Sea has become one of the main goals and at the same time a major problem of interaction between the Caspian states in the investment sphere, energy, trade, and transport infrastructure since their unification into the five co-owners of the Caspian Sea. This problem has not been resolved to this day.

Aim. The presented study identifies spatial organization models of territorial socio-economic systems based on the experience of strategic planning of spatial transformations in Russian regions.

Tasks. The authors determine the place of spatial aspects of development in each regional socio-economic development strategy by examining the structural features of the document and objectives outlined in the sections on spatial transformation prospects; systematize the experience of strategic modeling of spatial organization by meaningfully analyzing elements of regional strategies related to spatial transformation.

Methods. This study uses general methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis) to examine socioeconomic development strategies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, identify and systematize general aspects of spatial transformation guidelines outlined in them.

Results. Regional socio-economic development strategies are categorized by the degree to which spatial transformation issues are addressed. It was found that only 13.4% of documents ignore spatial development. Variations in the directions of spatial transformation outlined in strategies are indicated, and the ratio of the number of documents focusing on different changes is determined (in most documents, there is no clearly defined vision of projected spatial transformations). Four spatial organization models for territorial socio-economic systems are distinguished depending on the underlying vector of strategic transformations (a priority development model for territories with the greatest potential, a model for facilitating the development of lagging territories, a functional zoning model, and a hierarchical spatial organization model).

Conclusions. The results of systematization of spatial organization models proposed by regional socioeconomic development strategies reflect options for optimizing the spatial characteristics of territories (related both to the development of individual spatial elements and to the inclusion of all spatial components into transformation processes) and can be useful for local authorities at different levels when setting spatial transformation goals.

The presented study addresses the problem of forming and assessing green urban infrastructure, focusing on the elements of green infrastructure in the largest cities of the Russian Federation.

Aim. The study aims to analyze approaches to identifying key elements of green infrastructure and methodological approaches to its assessment.

Tasks. The authors determine approaches to highlighting key structural elements of green infrastructure; use statistics to comparatively assess the elements of green infrastructure in the largest Russian cities; identify problems in approaches to assessing key elements of green infrastructure.

Methods. This study uses the methods of system analysis and comparison to address the problems of assessing key elements of green urban infrastructure and provides data published on the official websites of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities, and the Federal State Statistics Service.

Results. Key structural elements of green infrastructure are identified and its effects on the urban environment are determined. Methodological approaches to assessing green infrastructure are analyzed, and its key elements in the largest cities of the Russian Federation are comparatively analyzed. The authors identify assessment problems and conclude that it is necessary to update the methodology of approaches to assessing the elements of green infrastructure in order to take into account its results at the stage of urban and spatial planning of territories.

Conclusions. The results of the study can be used in developing a methodology for green infrastructure assessment and urban planning.

The presented study addresses the problems of managing the transformation of high-tech production systems (PS) to maintain the enterprise’s competitiveness in the long term.

Aim. The study identifies efficient approaches to forecasting the timeline, economic and social prospects of PS transformations.

Tasks. The authors assess the existing methodological framework for innovation management aimed at changing the scientific and technical potential of the PS and the government’s role in facilitating investment activity.

Methods. This study is based on the fundamental principles of systems theory and comprehensive consideration of the issues of managing changes in economic systems through analysis.

Results. The proposed assessments and comments can be taken into account when developing a methodology for forming an adequate management response to the predicted change in the external conditions of PS operation. The scientific and technical potential of high-tech enterprises is created, among other things, through long-term research, but the economic prospects of using research results are unpredictable. The experience of building the US national innovation system confirms the important role of the government in managing the commercialization of research results.

Conclusions. The development of the Russian economy depends on the timeliness and reasonable sufficiency of the formation of the scientific and technical potential of the PS. The formation of the Russian national innovation system is a prerequisite for creating a favorable institutional environment for innovation, and the authors believe that it will lay the groundwork for the reproduction of capital in real production and hedging of risks associated with these processes.

Aim. The presented study aims to develop an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the competitive sustainable development of an industrial enterprise that would increase the enterprise’s performance and the sustainability of its development in a competitive environment and in the context of the digital transformation of the industry.

Tasks. The authors analyze and formulate the concept of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing the competitive sustainable development of an industrial enterprise; develop the organizational and economic mechanism for managing the competitive sustainable development of an industrial enterprise; identify stages in the process of managing the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise; evaluate the economic potential of an enterprise.

Methods. This article is based on the analysis and formalization of the main provisions of the study, which uses economic-mathematical and economic-statistical methods to assess the performance and development of an enterprise.

Results. The urgency of improving the efficiency of managing the competitive sustainable development of an industrial enterprise is justified. The concept of an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the competitive sustainable development of an industrial enterprise is formulated and the stages of this management process are identified. An organizational and economic mechanism for managing the competitive sustainable development of an industrial enterprise is developed, ensuring an increase in the enterprise’s performance.

Conclusions. Application of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing the competitive sustainable development of an industrial enterprise will make it possible to keep track of unfavorable market trends and adequately respond to them, thus increasing the performance of the enterprise.

The presented study comprehensively analyzes criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of innovative transformation of business structures, which involves step-by-step strategy development, its implementation, relevant management decisions, and controlling functions.

Aim. By analyzing the features of transformation of business structures in modern geo-economic conditions, the study aims to propose conceptual approaches to the formation of criteria for evaluating the results of innovative transformations at all levels of socio-economic system management.

Tasks. In accordance with the aim of the study, the authors propose approaches to classifying the innovative transformations performed by companies depending on market conditions; formulate a conceptual model of innovative transformations of business structures in accordance with the strategic goal of modernizing technological processes and services; examine methods for optimizing the stages of converting research and development into finished products based on digital technologies with allowance for the evaluation of the results of innovative transformations of companies.

Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine specific features of innovative transformation of business structures and formulate conceptual approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of innovative processes in companies using mathematical modeling and digital technologies for building and analyzing algorithms for optimizing management decisions aimed at implementing innovative transformation at all levels of management with allowance for geopolitical risks and changes in the external environment.

Results. A comprehensive analysis of theoretical and practical research allowed the authors to examine priority directions of innovative transformation of business structures at all stages – from a scientific idea, fundamental and applied research to the finished product or service, with allowance for financial and geopolitical risks. Innovative transformation of business structures is influenced by the introduction of digital technologies that make it possible to optimize business processes, reducing operating costs and enhancing the competitive advantages of business entities.

Conclusions. In modern conditions, innovative transformation of companies is based on corporate information and communication systems that make it possible to optimize management decisions aimed at implementing a sustainable development strategy, upgrading, monitoring, planning, forecasting technological processes of regional economic entities. Innovative transformation of business structures largely depends on approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of developed and implemented management decisions and mathematical modeling scenarios with allowance for changes in the external environment and geopolitical risks. The digital economy has created the prerequisites for administrative and managerial transformation of companies through innovative processes.

Aim. The presented study aims to examine the market for convention, exhibition, and event services in large cities (through the example of St. Petersburg).

Tasks. The authors analyze the current state of the market for convention, exhibition, and event services with allowance for the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, describe the role of convention, exhibition, and event activities as a driving force for the development of large cities, and propose ways to restore the convention, exhibition, and event industry in the post-pandemic period.

Methods. This study uses the methods of systematization, logical, content, and statistical analysis to examine the structural elements of the system “convention and exhibition activities — metropolis”.

Results. The essential characteristics of convention and exhibition activities and specific features of functioning of the market for convention, exhibition and event services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are determined. Development trends and directions of market transformations in the post pandemic period are identified, and proposals for expanding the effects of online formats in the event industry are formulated.

Conclusions. The study shows the importance of the convention, exhibition, and event industry as a factor in generating business tourist flows to a destination, as a driving force for the development of a metropolis, as a factor in differentiating tourism and related services, and as a basis for attracting investment and implementing major infrastructure projects in a region hosting major business events. Regarding the development of online formats, the advisability of creating specialized marketplaces in the field of convention, exhibition, and event services is shown.

The presented study models market behavior strategies for firms in real (“impure”) markets.

Aim. The presented study aims to develop tools for optimizing (according to the criterion of profit maximization) the market behavior of firms based on the achievements of modern mathematics.

Tasks. The authors describe theoretical approaches to modeling the behavior of firms; define the problem of modeling the market behavior of firms in the language of game theory; modify the game model by implementing elements of the theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets; develop and test a methodological approach to identifying the optimal behavior of firms based on fuzzy game modeling.

Methods. This study uses general methods of economic and mathematical modeling, provisions of neoclassical and institutional firm theory, tools of game theory and the theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets.

Results. The optimal market behavior strategy for firms selling the same product is determined. The implementation of this strategy focuses on maximizing profits with allowance for the imperfections of real markets. A rigorous solution to this problem is proposed, based on the provisions of game theory, theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. The developed methodological approach to identifying the optimal market behavior strategy based on fuzzy game modeling is illustrated by a meaningful example.

Conclusions. The developed and tested methodological approach to identifying the optimal market behavior strategy based on fuzzy game modeling described in the article allows firms to search for optimal strategies with allowance for the imperfections of real markets. It can be used for theoretical modeling of the behavior of firms in an “impure” market, including in a mixed economy, where the government has a certain degree of planning and administrative influence on economic processes. The proposed approach can be recommended for use by the management of firms in the development and implementation of competitive strategies.

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze and critically re-evaluate current trends in the development of education.

Tasks. The authors examine the concept of lifelong learning; identify the strengths and weaknesses of modern digital technologies such as gamification, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR); show the prospects for the development of education through distance learning.

Methods. This study is based on a systems approach using methods of comparative and structural analysis, analytical and theoretical generalization.

Results. Current trends in the development of education associated with the introduction of digital technologies are considered, and the prospects for the development of the industry are determined.

Conclusions. The concepts of lifelong learning and practice-oriented education are becoming increasingly widespread in the context of the digital economy and labor market transformation. The forced transition to distance learning driven by the COVID-19 pandemic has become a catalyst for rapid changes in education. Digital educational technologies such as VR and AR expand the possibilities of the natural educational environment, while also bearing certain risks.