The presented study identifies modern trends in the innovative development of transport modes as the basis for the formation of a transition economy in the Eurasian space.

Aim. The study aims to determine directions for the innovative development of transport modes based on the formation of a unified digital transport and logistics environment, and to find the most efficient ways of regulating financial flows from the transit passage of goods.

Tasks. The authors develop and implement mechanisms for generating, distributing, and redistributing income from the functioning of a transit economy in the Eurasian territory in the context of automation, robotization, digital transformation, implementation of artificial intelligence, and transition towards paperless and unmanned technology.

Methods. This study uses the methods of systems analysis, evolutionary-institutional theory, the theory of engineering and manufacturing balance, and historical approach.

Results. The following directions for the automation and digital transformation of rail cargo transport in the Eurasian space are determined: reduction of the time spent on completing procedures at borders and stations; innovative development of the railroad infrastructure in the neighboring countries; automation of transportation, implementation of unmanned technologies; overcoming negative trends in the transportation of perishable items. Directions for the development and production of an innovative rolling stock for cargo transit are identified. Directions for the innovative development of road, sea, and air transport in the Eurasian space are analyzed, including the development of piggyback (raidroad) transport and uberization of the road cargo transport market. It is found that construction and commissioning of ice-class container ships is an innovative direction in the development of sea transport that transports cargo between Asia and Europe. The main direction in the development of air transport involves expanding consolidation and distribution cargo operations when flying over the Eurasian territory.

Conclusions. Innovative transit transport systems (ITTS) are developing rapidly, which calls for the development and implementation of a mechanism for generating, distributing, and redistributing income from the transit of goods and passengers. This should be a corporate mechanism, i.e. it should be implemented via public-private partnership. The Eurasian Transit Transport Company could act as such a corporate structure in the Eurasian space. The most efficient way of distributing income from the functioning of a transit economy among the majority of economic agents is to develop the associated and related production of goods and services on a high-tech basis and to form a vast innovative industrial trade-route belt.

New economic models began to develop in Mongolia and Vietnam after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), when former Soviet republics formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Further development after the USSR’s dissolution was especially difficult for Mongolia, which almost entirely relied on the economic aid from the USSR. The US and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) immediately took advantage of the crisis in Mongolia. They offered tranches to Mongolia under the condition of complete democratization of political power and establishment of market-based development institutions within the framework of a standby arrangement. Vietnam embarked on a course of destroying the socialist model in 1986, i.e. before the USSR’s collapse, and its transition to a market economy was peculiar, yet significantly different from Mongolia’s.

Aim. The presented study aims to examine the benefits and drawbacks of the economic models of Vietnam and Mongolia as well as their common and distinctive features.

Methods. The study uses general methods of analyzing the international experience of transforming economic models.

Results. The authors prove the efficiency of the current Mongolian and Vietnamese models in the context of global instability and crises. Emergence of new, highly efficient technological paradigms and absence of internal political protests in Mongolia and Vietnam ensure economic sustainability and high growth rate. Russia’s military aid to these countries also plays an important role.

Conclusions. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia received substantial assistance from the United States and was able to maintain state independence and develop its economy under the market conditions of economic activity. Relying on cooperation with Russia and China, in the 21st century Mongolia engaged in the processes of integration in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). The Vietnamese model was forming during the country’s participation in the ASEAN free trade zone and cooperation with the developed economies of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States. Unlike Mongolia, Vietnam retained full political leadership of the Communist party, the unity of its people, and support for the development of market economy. In confronting difficult challenges, Vietnam receives assistance from the Donor Club.

The presented study examines methods for analyzing and managing sustainable economic development of Russian regions and possible criteria for assessing and improving sustainability.

Aim. The study aims to provide a theoretical and empirical justification for the use of regional competitive attractiveness assessment to manage economic development and improve its sustainability.

Tasks. Based on the measurement and analysis of economic competitive attractiveness indicators and their mathematical treatment, the authors assess the sustainability of development of Russian regions in 2013–2017 and the causes of deviations from progressive growth.

Methods. This study proposes a mathematical tool for measuring the sustainability of Russian regions by assessing their competitive attractiveness and develops a typology of sustainability in the mathematical space of two variables.

Results. Methods for analyzing and managing the sustainability of economic development of Russian regions under the influence of political and economic challenges and risks are proposed. The level and dynamics of regional competitive attractiveness are taken as a criterion of sustainability of economic development. The authors provide methods and indicators for assessing economic competitive attractiveness and criteria for measuring the sustainability of development, which allow them to draw conclusions about the reaction of different regions to the challenges and risks of development in 2013–2017. The study proposes a management scheme for sustainable regional development with a focus on the comprehensive improvement of regional economic competitive attractiveness and potential ways to improve it, including training of municipal and regional managers in crisis management associated with economic and political challenges and risks.

Conclusions. Based on the proposed criterion of economic development sustainability and assessment of the competitive attractiveness of regions and their rankings, it is shown that in 2013–2017 45 out of 83 regions were developing sustainably; by 2017, 19 regions out of the 32 that suffered losses in the competitive attractiveness level and rankings in 2015–2016 have managed to restore the sustainability of economic development and their rankings. This study proves that regions with a high level of economic competitive attractiveness show increased sustainability of development.

The presented study examines the specific aspects and processes of the functioning of regional economies and interregional interaction.

Aim. The study aims to analyze the existing mechanisms of the functioning and interaction of regional economic systems.

Tasks. The authors present a general scheme for the functioning of a regional economic system; examine the principles of interaction between regional economic systems; determine the specific aspects of inter-sectoral interaction as a form of interregional cooperation.

Methods. This study uses general scientific methods, including systems analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, specification and generalization, and modelling.

Results. The authors substantiate a general scheme for the functioning of the regional economic system as an object of management. Its structural elements include the region’s production-economic and socio-economic complexes and the fiscal sphere. It is shown that interregional interaction is now particularly important as it facilitates joint production of goods. Interregional interaction involves the exchange of goods and services, migration processes, and financial exchange. Interregional cooperation should be based on the existing federal and regional strategies. It is established that inter-sectoral interaction and formation of regional sectoral clusters are efficient forms of interregional cooperation.

Conclusions. A specific feature of the functioning of regional economies is that it is regulated simultaneously at the macro- and meso-level. Regulation at the meso-level involves the implementation of regional economic development strategies with allowance for the socio-economic features of individual administrative and territorial units. At the macro-level, the regional economy functions within the existing strategy of the federal center and also involves interregional and inter-sectoral interaction.

The modern oil and gas industry is heavily dependent on the processes and trends driven by the accelerating digitalization of the economy. Thus, the digitalization of the oil and gas sector has become Russia’s top priority, which involves a technological and structural transformation of all production processes and stages.

Aim. The presented study aims to identify the major trends and prospects of development of the Russian oil and gas sector in the context of its digitalization and formation of the digital economy.

Tasks. The authors analyze the major trends in the development of the oil and gas industry at a global scale and in Russia with allowance for the prospects of accelerated exploration of the Arctic; determine the best practices of implementation of digital technologies by oil and gas companies as well as the prospects and obstacles for the subsequent transfer of digital technologies to the Russian oil and gas industry.

Methods. This study uses general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, and scientific generalization.

Results. Arctic hydrocarbons will become increasingly important to Russia in the long term, and their exploration and production will require the implementation of innovative technologies. Priority directions for the development of many oil and gas producers will include active application of digital technologies as a whole (different types of robots that could replace people in performing complex procedures), processing and analysis of big data using artificial intelligence to optimize processes, particularly in the field of exploration and production, processing and transportation. Digitalization of the oil and gas sector is a powerful factor in the improvement of the efficiency of the Russian economy. However, Russian companies are notably lagging behind in this field of innovative development and there are problems and high risks that need to be overcome to realize its potential for business and society.

Conclusions. Given the strategic importance of the oil and gas industry for Russia, its sustainable development and national security, it is recommendable to focus on the development and implementation of digital technologies. This is crucial for the digitalization of long-term projection and strategic planning, assessment of the role and place of Russia and its largest energy companies in the global market with allowance for a maximum number of different internal and external factors.

Examination of the real estate market shows that implementing innovations in this field is a very difficult task. This prompts the question of the necessity of digitalizing the real estate business and of the demand for online integration platforms in this field.

Aim. The presented study aims to assess the demand for online integration platforms in the real estate business.

Tasks. The authors compare the online integration platforms in the real estate market with the online integration platforms in the hospitality sector and the individual passenger transport market in terms of the share of user profits that integrators receive for their services on the online platform; compare the share of user profits that integrators receive for their services on the online platform with the equivalent indicator in various other global economic activities; assess the value of the services provided by an online integration platform using the methodology proposed by G. G. Azgaldov and N. N. Karpova.

Methods. The data were acquired from public Internet sources and personal interviews with the directors of companies that represent or employ the services of online integration platforms in St. Petersburg. The interviews and work with Internet sources were conducted in November 2019.

Results. An integrator in the real estate market receives a share of profits of their service users that is comparable to that of the integrators in the hospitality sector and the individual passenger transport market. The share of profits of a Russian integrator in the real estate market is significantly higher than that in such industries as entertainment, fashion, or sports. The value of an online integration platform can be defined as highly valuable, since the expected value of this indicator is 1.5 times higher than the maximum table value.

Conclusions. The performed analysis shows a high demand for online integration platforms in the real estate business. Market participants are willing to pay for the ability to use new digital technologies.

During the market evolution, a brand new structural-functional model of the social marketing concept was forming based on the interaction between three sectors of the economy and society as the consumer and regulator. Modern economic conditions facilitate the development of a scientific-methodological interpretation of social marketing based on the simultaneous consideration of many factors, including the profits of the commercial sector, the level of demand of consumers and society as a whole, the quality of the social effect from the activity of non-profit organizations, the public sector, etc. The relevance of studying the modern concept of social marketing, its structural-functional model, specific aspects of interaction between its structural elements, and technologies of practical implementation consists in finding and substantiating methods and ways of maximizing the positive social effect in society, which would in turn strengthen and improve the efficiency of the socio-economic development of the country.

Aim. The presented study aims to examine methodological approaches to the formation of the concept of social marketing in the context of modern economic transformations.

Tasks. The authors develop a structural-functional model of social marketing and the specific features of its structural elements; analyze problems that arise during the interaction of the public, commercial, and non-profit sectors and society as the consumer and regulator; substantiate possible technologies for implementing social marketing under modern economic conditions.

Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, analysis of scientific works of foreign and Russian authors on the evolution and specific aspects of social marketing, and its methodology.

Results. The authors substantiate the structural-functional model of the modern concept of social marketing, analyze the problems of interaction between its structural elements, and present the fundamental technology for implementing social marketing that would help outweigh the arising problems of interaction between three sectors of the economy and would be aimed at maximizing the positive social effect in society.

Conclusions. Systematic implementation of the modern concept of social marketing makes it possible to maximize the positive social effect for the target groups under specific market conditions; ensures healthy competition and competitiveness of all market actors, irrespective of the directions and types of activity, for the limited resources of society and investments; provides the necessary funding for the activity of successful market actors and ensures efficient use and maximization of the limited resources of society.

The presented study provides a theoretical interpretation of organizational processes associated with the collective activity of employees of enterprises and organizations during social, industrial, and economic transformations and substantiates measures to facilitate social action based on self-understanding and self-development.

Aim. The study aims to determine the range of recurring and new challenges that limit the active engagement of employees in economic and social development and to substantiate directions for the development of social relations that form the socio-professional personality construct, which is creative at its core.

Tasks. The authors use theoretical generalizations and determine cause-and-effect relationships in the activation of the collective activity of employees in solving socially important problems; advance arguments for the range of social actions that help employees establish an object-active stance on the transformation of social, industrial, and economic relations through self-understanding and self-development.

Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study draws on works of Russian and foreign scientists on the formation of social relations, development of the collective activity of employees in solving socially important problems, and formation of humanistic, social, and ethical principles of self-understanding and self-development.

Results. This study identifies the restrictions and major directions of the development of collective activity in the system of social, industrial, and economic relations forming at modern enterprises and organizations and create conditions for the value-oriented activity of various professional, qualification, and status groups of employees.

Conclusions. Determining the range of problem situations, object-active directions, and values of employees in the context of facilitating their engagement in collective activity associated with solving socially important problems makes it possible to implement measures aimed at shaping new economic thinking, modeling joint social actions, creating conditions for mutual trust between various professional and qualification groups of employees.

The presented study characterizes light industry, emphasizes the importance of examining the state of this industry, and identifies the major problems in its development.

Aim. The study aims to identify the most important problems in the Russian light industry and trends of its development.

Tasks. The authors analyze the contribution of light industry to the country’s GDP; conduct a comparative analysis of the structure of light industry; identify the major problems and trends of development in light industry; determine the prospects for its efficient functioning.

Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, tabular and graphical methods to examine the problems and prospects of light industry development.

Results. Nowadays, light industry is understood to include a variety of industries specializing in the production of consumer goods. Additional products resulting from the development of this industry are adapted for use in other spheres. Light industry includes three sub-industries: textile, clothing, and leather. The volume of sales of light industry products depends on such factors as consumer demand and the existence of foreign manufacturers importing goods of higher quality to the domestic market. The primary problem of development of this industry is the lack of investment combined with the obscure prospects and limited attractiveness of light industry and its enterprises for investors.

Conclusions. The share of domestic manufacturers in the market of light industry products is less than 50%, the rest being manufacturers from China, Turkey, etc. Domestic light industry products are generally inferior in quality to their foreign counterparts. Light industry is closely associated with agriculture and the chemical industry, and the key to its development lies not only in the production of clothing, shoes, bags, bedding, etc., but most importantly in the manufacturing of products that would meet the requirements of other industries. It should also be noted that light industry provides a large number of jobs, with most employees being women. The government should pay attention to the problems and prospects of the efficient functioning of light industry under modern conditions, encourage domestic manufacturers, and consider providing government support for small and medium enterprises engaged in the production and sale of light industry products.

The presented study summarizes the results of the implementation of liberal market reforms in Russia and reviews tools of the market economy that could solve the problem of distrust within Russian society.

Aim. The study aims to define the underlying problems that stem from the peculiarities of the historical development of the Russian Federation and now hinder the advancement of our country to a new level of development, and to propose directions for solving these problems.

Tasks. The authors summarize the socio-economic consequences of the implementation of liberal market reforms; define the problems of the implementation of a rent-based economy in modern Russia; prove that Russia cannot advance to a new level of development without solving the problem of social distrust; review the tools that could change the current situation of global social distrust (publicprivate partnership, proactive budgeting, clusters, territorial marketing, Far Eastern Hectare program, smart cities, incident management).

Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the results of the implementation of liberal market reforms, identify the problems of modern Russia, and determine the possible directions and tools of development.

Results. Russia’s development is historically based on finding and living off the natural rent. This perspective significantly narrows the range of ideas about the potential development directions for the Russian Federation. The rent-based development options proposed today expose another common Russian trait — uncertainty, lack of risk appetite, pessimism, and fear of “things getting worse”. Implementation of democratic reforms in the context of rent-based economic institutions, lack of mutual trust within society, poor performance of courts — all this aggravates the current situation.

Conclusions. Nowadays, Russia needs an economy that would create a demand for human capital and inclusive political institutions that would make people engaged in the life of the nation, allowing them to capitalize on their creativity without leaving their homeland.

The presented study determines the role of business aviation in the modern economy and examines the specific features of its development in Russia.

Aim. The study aims to analyze the development of business aviation in Russia and its correlation with economic development in general.

Tasks. The authors determine the benefits of business aviation as a business tool, examine the specific features of the Russian business aviation market and problems of its development, and identify factors that affect the development of business aviation in Russia.

Methods. This study uses the methods of comparative and retrospective analysis, cross-country comparison, systems approach, and expert analytics.

Results. Business aviation is a new segment of civil aviation for Russia. Therefore, it is advisable to rely on foreign practices in the management of its development. In many countries, business aviation is a separate industry that specializes in providing transport services to a wide range of corporate clients and/or individuals. The development of this industry is associated with the economic growth rate and the development level of the national economy, and also depends on the national institutional specifics. This study describes the specific features of development of business aviation in Russia and problems arising in the organization and management of this type of business.

Conclusions. The authors develop a system of factors affecting the development of business aviation in Russia, describe the major problems of this industry, and propose solutions. The results of this study can be used in the development (adjustment) of business aviation development strategies in Russia both at the industrial and corporate level, and in the implementation of the national policy in this field.

The presented study analyzes the results of development of factoring operations in Russia over the past two years.

Aim. The study aims to structure the main components of factoring services provided by credit institutions.

Tasks. The authors determine the major prerequisites and measures for the development of factoring services in Russia.

Methods. With the scoring method being used universally, it becomes critical to provide alternative ways for banks to lend money to legal entities. If the performance of an organization falls below generally accepted criteria, a scoring model based on scores or coefficients leads to mass loan rejection. A more personalized approach to lending would make it possible to find a way out of the current situation and support entrepreneurs. This makes factoring an increasingly crucial banking service.

Results. One of the primary distinctive features of the development of factoring loans in the Russian Federation is the weak regulatory framework of factoring. Specifically, there is still no precise understanding of whether these services can be considered as banking operations or not. This explains the division of problems into non­bank and bank factoring problems.

Conclusion. Factoring can be a promising direction of lending for small and medium enterprises and, as a consequence, a tool for the development of the economy as a whole.

Intensive globalization of production processes along with active internationalization of companies have created new opportunities for developing countries to participate in global value chains (GVC). Participation in GVCs makes it possible to analyze the contribution of individual industries to world trade at the level of countries and sectors.

Aim. This paper aims to assess the growth of Russia’s participation in international service trade over the past years in a number of non-material sectors of the economy from the perspective of upgrading in GVCs and the associated positive dynamics in value adding processes.

Objectives. The author examines the dynamics of Russia’s participation in service industries; analyzes the relationship between innovation activity and different types of participation in GVCs; identifies the current trends in the dynamics of Russia’s participation in the GVCs of non-material industries.

Methods. This study uses the generalized least squares method to perform a regression analysis of panel data form 10 service industries for 2005–2015 and analyze the relationship between different types of Russia’s participation in the GVCs of service industries and innovation activity.

Results. The relationship between innovation activity and different types of participation in GVCs is statistically proven. There was identified a general upward trend in Russia’s participation in international service trade. At the same time, the results of the analysis emphasize the importance of additional stimulation of innovation activity in order to increase Russia’s forward participation in international service trade and enable further upgrading in GVCs.