No 9 (2018)
ACTUAL PROBLEMS DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS
4-11 296
Abstract
Aim. The study analyzes the main problems and direction of socioeconomic development, the life support system, and public health in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. Tasks. The authors examine the major socioeconomic indicators in the Arctic and adjacent regions of the Russian Federation, determine patterns in their further development, and compare the demographic indicators of the subject region with those of other Russian regions. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the major aspects of socioeconomic development in the Arctic regions, determine patterns in the region’s public health, and identify the major directions of demographic processes. Results. Analysis of the demographic and socioeconomic situation in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation has revealed the following regional characteristics: social stratification; social insecurity; inflation; poor infrastructure (roads, housing, and utilities); alcoholism; environmental problems; high crime, morbidity, disability, adult mortality, poverty, and unemployment rates; low quality of life; low availability and quality of healthcare; small population size and low population density; insufficient human resources in healthcare (particularly medium-grade medical personnel); underdeveloped social environment; outmigration; natural population decline; and social diseases. Conclusion. Examination of the major aspects of socioeconomic development and the life support system in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation as a process and identification of factors typical for each region make it possible to determine the specific problems and characterize factors that ensure favorable results in terms of the demographic landscape, morbidity rate, and quality of life of the population in the examined region. Improvement of the socioeconomic situation in the Arctic region would facilitate the technological and economic development of our country and enhance its competitiveness compared with other countries engaged in Arctic development.
MODERNIZATION OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMICS
12-15 210
Abstract
Aim. This study assesses the viability, feasibility, and risks of a green revolution in the economic development of Vietnam. Tasks. The authors develop a mechanism for implementation of a green revolution in a developing country. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the viability, feasibility, and risks of a green revolution in Vietnam’s economic development. Results. Green revolution is a new solution to the global problem of pollution that has been tackled by scientists, international development institutions, and leading countries. Vietnam has been putting considerable effort into the development of a green model for economic growth. Conclusion. Transition of Vietnam’s national economy toward an environmental framework is public administration’s medium-term objective. It has garnered substantial political support but is now weighed down by major financial and environmental problems.
16-23 231
Abstract
The presented study examines the specifics of business activity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and on this basis identifies the specific aspects of Arctic entrepreneurship and tools for facilitating and supporting its development within the framework of implementation of government economic regulation measures. Aim. The study aims to identify and describe the specific aspects of entrepreneurial activity in the constituent regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Tasks. The authors determine and describe factors that affect business activity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; provide their expert assessment and identify their effects on entrepreneurial activity in the region; provide guidelines on making allowance for the northern specifics in the government policy for supporting and facilitating entrepreneurship. Methods. This study uses the methodology of the institutional approach to examining economic phenomena and processes as well as specific methods of regional economic analysis, structural, systems, and comparative analysis, qualimetry, and economic forecasting. Results. It is established that entrepreneurship in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation has a distinctive nature determined by natural, climatic, statutory, regulatory, structural, economic, demographic, resource, and other factors. The current government policy for supporting and facilitating entrepreneurship does not make due allowance for this distinctiveness, thus reducing its own efficiency. The corresponding tools of government regulation need to be specified and developed, particularly based on the foreign experience of regulating business activities in northern territories. In this regard, the authors propose measures aimed at improving control over the development of Arctic entrepreneurship in Russia. Conclusion. The conducted study establishes that entrepreneurship in the Arctic macroregion has a number of significant differences that should be taken into account in its regulation. The program- and goal-oriented approach should serve as the methodological basis for the regulation of entrepreneurship in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
24-31 148
Abstract
Aim. The presented study aims to identify heterogeneous and competing factors that affect the socio-economic development of municipalities of the Magadan region resulting from the reformation of the local government. Tasks. The authors characterize the municipalities of the Magadan region, which serve as the basis of the study, before and after reformation, analyze the implemented reforms, and assess the economic and managerial efficiency of territorial transformations. Results. Among the major advantages of transformation of districts into municipalities is the reduced number of administrative personnel and lack of inter-elite conflict among district and settlement authorities. However, it can be firmly concluded that the reform has contributed to the reduction of financial autonomy of the municipalities of the Magadan region. Conclusion. Examination of reforms in the territorial organization of local government in the Magadan region as a process, along with identification of its individual periods (stages) and typical measures for each period, not only makes it possible to determine the specific problems of municipalities, but also provides insight into the factors that affect the results of the reform. Three municipalities are taken as an example: Municipal Formation “Tenkinsky Urban District”, Municipal Formation “Khasynsky Urban District”, and Municipal Formation “Susumansky Urban District”. The most recent period of 2014-2017 is taken as the period for the analysis of reformation of local government, and the legal and territorial basis of local government is taken as the components for the identification of factors.
32-39 697
Abstract
This study examines the operation of the Investment Fund of the Russian Federation from 2005 to 2017 based on the use of public-private partnership (PPP) tools in the implementation of national and regional projects. Aim. To define the importance of investment Aim. The study aims to determine the importance of federal and regional investment funds in the implementation of PPP-based regional infrastructure projects. Tasks. The authors identify major stages in the operation of the Investment Fund of the Russian Federation from 2005 to 2017, assess the efficiency of its participation in regional projects, and identify factors that increase the efficiency of implementation of regional projects compared with similar nationwide projects. Methods. This study uses general methods of scientific and statistical analysis to identify factors that improve the efficiency of interaction between federal and regional investments in the implementation of projects aimed at territorial development and based on the principles of public-private partnership. Results. This study shows that involvement of federal and regional investments and private businesses in regional projects improves their efficiency by virtue of the special functions of federal investments. Serving as a guarantor, federal investments stimulate private investments, whereas supervision of project implementation by federal authorities leads to more thorough project development and improves the investment discipline of other participants of the project during its implementation. By 2012, PPP-based principles of interaction between federal and regional investment funds had been developed at the legislation and organization levels. We believe that these principles could help build an efficient system of investments in territorial development. However, due to the reduction of financial replenishment of the Investment Fund of the Russian Federation and redirection of its resources toward solving immediate problems, this system has never been put into practice. Conclusion. It seems appropriate to consider the re-establishment of the federal Investment Fund, with its operation oriented towards economic territorial development in conjunction with regional investment funds based on PPP.
40-48 225
Abstract
Aim. This study determines the industrial specificity of the economy of peripheral areas in the Stavropol Territory and identifies the transformational “drift” of specialization of its constituent municipal and urban districts. The study also assesses the current state of industrial economic sectors in peripheral areas to make logical conclusions and further substantiate proposals for the development of a particular territorial socioeconomic development policy. Tasks. The authors compile relevant analytical information about the current state of the industrial sectors in the region and peripheral areas and identify territories with agricultural, industrial, and mixed economic specialization. Methods. This study uses the technical provisions of new trade theory and new economic geography as well as general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, dialectics of the systemic, structural and sophisticated approaches, uniformity and comparability of indicators, and parameters at different chronological stages of research. In the substantiation of theoretical provisions, conclusions, and recommendations, the authors use different tools and methods based on the requirements of the evolutionary and transition economy: economic and statistical methods, systems and comparative analysis, logical semantics, classification and reduction of the initial multivariable data space, and graphic representation of the results and source data. Results. A set of indicators was derived for the analysis of the industrial specialization of peripheral areas as a structural element of the regional and economic system. The conducted analysis makes it possible to actualize analytical concepts of the socioeconomic state of a traditional agricultural-industrial region with additional characteristics of industrial specialization of specific areas. Therefore, it is essential for the development of the regions’ socioeconomic policy. The proposed classification of the peripheral areas by industrial specialization makes it possible to develop adaptive tools for stimulating the economy. Conclusion. The developed methodology for detecting fluctuations and transformations in specialized economies of the Stavropol Territory are scientifically derived allowing for systems’ diagnostics of industrial “drifts.” It expands the concept of strengths and weaknesses of the socioeconomic state of the peripheral regions and identifies the negative and positive trends. Further studies based on the obtained analytical results may improve the adequacy and precision of the developed incentives. It will support measures for the depressive, underdeveloped, and lagging marginal areas to maintain the region’s territorial integrity.
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
49-59 144
Abstract
The presented study proposes approaches to assessing the performance of small, medium, and large regional enterprises in the Russian Federation based on developing a system of indicators and calculating a cumulative index of strategic stability of enterprises. Aim. The study aims to develop methodological approaches to assessing the impact of entrepreneurial activity on the development of a region that is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Tasks. The authors identify the specific aspects of development of the complex of enterprises, including small, medium, and large enterprises, as the crucial growth factor for the depressive regions of Russia and propose a methodology for calculating a cumulative index for assessing the performance of enterprises - the index of strategic stability of regional enterprises. The authors also identify potential areas of application of the proposed approaches to the analysis of enterprise performance for the purposes of regulating regional development and determining strategic directions for the spatial development of Russia. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, comparative and statistical analysis, systematization, and cumulative index calculation to propose methodological approaches that would make it possible to compare regions in terms of the efficiency of enterprise development and the impact of enterprises on regional economic development, and to identify directions for improving the strategic stability of enterprises in depressive regions. Results. The study shows that depressive regions have a lower share of large enterprises, lower innovative activity of enterprises, less favorable demographic processes among employees, significantly lower share and rate of growth of profit tax in the total taxes of the region, etc. The complex of enterprises in depressive regions is not strategically stable. Conclusion. Regions can be compared in terms of strategic stability using a cumulative index - the index of strategic stability of regional enterprises, which comprises six subindices. Preliminary calculation of indicators included in the cumulative index, as shown through the example of the Pskov and Ivanovo regions, makes it possible to identify the specific aspects of development of small, medium, and large enterprises in depressive regions, to specify the definition of “strategic stability of regional enterprises”, and to propose directions for improving the strategic stability of enterprises in depressive regions using the results of application of the proposed methodological approaches.
60-69 334
Abstract
Aim. The presented study seeks to identify the substance of import substitution and determines its potential directions and effects on a nation. Tasks. The author examines the existing approaches to the interpretation of the self-sufficiency policy at a national level, explores its economic substance, reviews import substitution practices, and determines the potential long-term effects of the implemented policy in Russia. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, retrospective analysis of economic indicators, comparison, synthesis, and monographic method. Results. The author examines the existing approaches to the assessment of the import substitution policy and identifies the economic substance of the policy; according to which import substitution is a phase in the different states of open and closed economies. The author also reviews the experience of industrialization policy implementation in various countries and determines the potential long-term effects of import substitution. Conclusion. The study proposes a classification of strategy toward import substitution policy based on the differences in the following multiplicative effects. The historical experience of Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and the USSR shows a trend of 30-year abrupt acceleration of economic growth in the countries where import substitution was concurrent with industrialization.
69-74 361
Abstract
The presented study develops an algorithm for automation of business processes in an organization. Aim. The study aims to develop information tools for the modeling of business processes in order-based organizations. Tasks. The authors develop an algorithm for automatic retail price calculation in the context of exchange rate flexibility and an algorithm for automatic payroll preparation with allowance for points and bonuses in order-based organizations. Methods. This study uses general methods of logical and comparative analysis, synthesis, decomposition, grouping and generalization, expert assessment, observation, analogy, and quantitative analysis to develop algorithms for automation of the basic processes of an organization. Results. Within the framework of the developed information application, the authors propose an algorithm for automatic retail price calculation with due regard for exchange rate flexibility, which helps optimize the ordering process. The study also presents the developed algorithm for automatic payroll preparation with allowance for points and bonuses in orderbased organizations, which serves as a stimulating tool for the organization’s human resources. Conclusion. With low financial burden, the proposed algorithms for the information application based on CRM and CMS systems can be implemented at small and medium enterprises in light industry and other non-production sectors with order-based procurement and sales systems.
75-79 213
Abstract
Aim. The study analyzes the dynamics of return on assets and sales of business structures in the Russian Federation to determine trends in changes of these indicators and how these changes affect business structure competitiveness. Tasks. The authors expand the notions of return on assets and sales as indicators of the efficiency of entrepreneurial activity. They illustrate the correlation between key performance indicators and business development rate and identify changing trends and their effects on business structure competitiveness. Methods. The study is based on the dialectical systems approach as well as logical, factorial, structural, comparative, and regression analysis using the theoretical framework of the analysis of economic processes. Results. Based on the identified trends and the presented analysis, the authors propose using strategies aimed at increasing revenue and mitigating the risks of market share reduction to ensure effective and efficient operation of business structures. Conclusion. As of 2017, the value of return on assets of business structures doubled since 2014 indicating the economy is gradually stabilizing and the conditions favor the creation of dynamic entrepreneurial activity. Simultaneously, there is a notable trend of adverse changes for return on sales of business structures. Efficient entrepreneurial activity requires business structures to focus on these indicators and use strategies aimed at increasing revenue while mitigating the risks of market share reduction.
80-86 175
Abstract
Municipal spatial development involves changes that would ensure positive dynamics in the quality of life indicators of the municipality's population. Aim. The presented study aims to identify the major directions of municipal spatial development from the perspective of resourcing. Tasks. The authors analyze different approaches to the resourcing of municipal spatial development. Methods. This study uses various scientific methods of cognition to examine municipal spatial development in the context of resourcing and to determine the role of the municipal input-output balance in municipal spatial development. Results. The study proves that spatial development of a municipality and its investment attractiveness are largely determined by the abundance or lack of resources in the territory and the functioning of the municipal infrastructure. Conclusion. In the current context, there are various approaches to municipal spatial development. New approaches should premised on efficient resourcing of municipal spatial development and implementation of input-output balance.
87-91 138
Abstract
Aim. The study identifies major entrepreneurial risks forming in context of increasing income inequality among the population amid the development of digital technologies. Tasks. The authors determine the effects of increasing income inequality among the population on the development of entrepreneurial risks. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the global trend of increasing income inequality and analysis to identify entrepreneurial risks associated with a decline in aggregate demand. Results. The increasing income inequality among the population is a worldwide problem that hurts the global economic growth. Aggressive and widespread implementation of digital technologies will facilitate this trend by reducing the numbers of the middle working class, which accounts for the lion’s share of aggregate consumption in the national economy, leading to significant entrepreneurial risks due to reduced demand. Conclusion. The development of digital technologies over the next decade will negatively impact income inequality among the population, leading to a decline in aggregate demand and an increase of entrepreneurial risks.
POST-GRADUATES’ RESEARCH EFFORTS
92-96 226
Abstract
The presented study examines the current state and development of accounting education in the Republic of Iraq. Aim. The study structures the basic requirements of accounting education with allowancefor national institutional peculiarities and develops fundamental steps toward modernization of accounting education in the Republic of Iraq. Tasks. The authors determine the sequence of measures for the modernization of accounting education, examine the entirety of the applied tools, and specify the goals of Iraqi authorities regarding accounting education. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the national policy on accounting and accounting education and to identify the major trends and directions of its development. Results. Formation of accounting information should be reflected in the accounting methodology. However, it is also important to allow scientific development and social informatization. The current state of social informatization requires traditional and innovative methods for the assessment of educational outcomes and new methods for the assessment of subject matter competence. The content of accounting education should allow for correlation between the assessment of students’ competence and education. Accounting education should focus on providing students with knowledge of organizational accounting practices and practical skills of managing the accounting system. Conclusion. The Republic of Iraq needs new, contemporary teaching methods in the field of accounting instead of the obsolete educational system currently in place.
EVENTS AND FACTS
ISSN 1998-1627 (Print)