Aim. To study the effect of oil price on stock returns and economic sentiment in Russia, India and China from January 2000 to December 2022.

Objectives. To review publications in the context of the research topic, draw key conclusions and identify gaps and shortcomings, reflecting them in a table; to identify variables at the heart of econometric calculations; to present empirical results based on econometric models.

Methods. The study of the relationship between oil prices, stock returns and economic confidence in Russia, India and China was conducted using reliable and relevant data. The data frequency is monthly, covers the period from January 2000 to December 2022 and includes oil prices, stock market indices and economic confidence indices. The authors applied the econometric models MSIAH(3)-VARX(3) and MSIA(3)-VARX(3).

Results. Oil prices have a significant impact on stock returns as well as economic sentiment in the three countries under study. It is found that for China and India, oil prices affect economic sentiment as well as market returns, but for Russia, the above factors are influenced by different regimes, thus demonstrating that Russia is among the leading oil exporting countries.

Conclusions. The results obtained in the paper are useful for investors and policy makers as they demonstrate the existence of regime-dependent effects and suggest that this information is important when designing economic policies or investment plans. The paper emphasizes the importance of oil price in determining economic and financial conditions in key emerging markets.

Aim. To identify specific features of production and use of transportation biofuels in selected developing countries, as well as to assess the potential of bioethanol industry development in the Russian Federation (RF).

Objectives. To generalize the experience of production and use of transport biofuels in Brazil, China and Indonesia; to determine the specifics of biofuel industry development in the mentioned developing countries.

Methods. The methods of system analysis, comparative analysis, method of expert evaluations, mathematical, statistical methods were applied in the process of research.

Results. The specificity of biofuel industry development in Brazil, China and Indonesia is shown.

The production and use of transportation biofuels in these countries is carried out within the framework of a systemic state policy focused on diversification of energy consumption, promotion of renewable energy sources, reduction of pollutant emissions and stimulation of economic growth. Opportunities and risks for the development of production and use of transportation biofuels have been identified. The opportunities include, first of all, the formation of additional demand for agricultural products (including waste) and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from the transport sector. At the same time, the production of first-generation transportation biofuels can negatively affect food security, reorienting agricultural producers from the production of “food” to the production of “raw materials for the energy sector”, and natural ecosystems, contributing to the involvement of new land plots in agricultural turnover.

Conclusions. System analysis of the accumulated experience of production and use of transport biofuels in Brazil, China and Indonesia indicates the promising development of bioethanol industry in Russia. At the same time, the realization of this direction should not contribute to the strengthening of anthropogenic impact on the environment and adversely affect the availability of food.

Aim. To identify the main elements and specific features of conflict management in an international company, as well as to study the experience of the world’s leading companies in human resource management.

Objectives. To consider different methods and approaches of conflict management in international firms; to characterize the main problems, strategies, methods and styles of conflict management in an international company.

Methods. The authors used modern methods. Methods. modern methodology of socio-economic research, including system and process approaches, method of comparative analysis, empirical and analytical methods of research.

Results. The results of the study revealed that in a multinational team employees have more differences than similarities in their values. The key factor for the resolution of such conflicts can be the increase of employees’ awareness of the specificity of cultures of different countries.

The analysis carried out according to Schwartz’s methodology made it possible to create value portraits for Russian and Chinese employees of Huawei, as well as to make a comparative analysis of the significance of values for members of a cross-cultural team. When managing conflicts, it is also worth paying attention to the methods of resolution as an important element of management of any organization. Among them we can distinguish five main styles: avoidance, smoothing, coercion, compromise and problem solving.

Conclusions. The authors found that the conflict management system in an international company has a complex structure, regardless of the actual location of the business. The study showed that the effectiveness of conflict management is important for the stability of an international organization, because the scale of dysfunctional consequences of conflict can affect its functioning and image abroad. The complex process of conflict management requires specific activities from the participants. Among them - prevention and avoidance of conflict; diagnostics and regulation of conflict by adjusting the behavior of its participants; prediction of conflict development and assessment of its functional orientation; conflict resolution.

Aim. Provision and development of standardization on the basis of system approach, improvement of perspective planning of standardization at all stages of product life cycle and intersectoral interaction using the program of complex standardization, leading and stepped standards.

Objectives. To analyze the current regulatory acts of the Russian Federation (RF); to determine the main approaches to the implementation of closed-loop economy based on standardization, taking into account the available experience of program activities in the field of standardization.

Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the paradigm of the closed-loop economy. This paradigm embodies a comprehensive approach to the formation of the closed-loop economy standardization program by classifying the goals of creating a system of standardization of the closed-loop economy.

Results. According to the results of the analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and fundamental standards of the national standardization system, the “tree of objectives” is formed, the basis of which is “the formation of a program of integrated standardization of all subsystems of the closed-loop economy”. It is proposed to use the possibilities of advanced standardization in planning the development of standards included in the comprehensive standardization program. The algorithm for the development of the system of complex standardization programs that solves the issues of inter-sectoral interaction is presented.

Conclusions. The system analysis of normative-legal acts of the Russian Federation and fundamental standards of the national standardization system allowed to find ways of linking subsystems of the closed-loop economy, providing a full cycle of circularity and use of material resources from their manufacture to secondary application.

Aim. To develop a model of regional distribution of the number of labor migrants that estimates determinant regional disparities factors.

Objectives. To study theoretical approaches to the study of regional distribution of the number of labor migrants; to analyze the factors of regional disproportions of the Russian labor market in modeling migration flows; to collect and analyze statistical information to develop a model of regional distribution of the number of labor migrants that assesses determinant regional disproportions factors.

Methods. General scientific methods of research such as deduction, analysis, synthesis were used. Statistical methods of data analysis were applied, linear regression model was built.

Results. The stable trends of natural population decline, population aging, leading to an outstripping reduction in the number of able-bodied population of the Russian Federation (RF), indicate the need for replacement migration. Regional differentiation in the labor market, characteristic of the Russian economy, can be balanced by both internal migration and external migration flows. However, effective replacement migration is associated with the presence of certain conditions and also carries risks. Such conditions include economic attractiveness of the Russian labor market for foreign workers, integration potential of the host community (absence of anti-migrant attitudes or discriminatory practices). At the same time, replacement migration carries the risks of negative changes in the structure of the labor force due to the relatively low qualifications of migrant workers, weakening incentives to innovate and maintaining a low level of labor productivity, transfer of money received by migrants as wages outside the Russian Federation.

Conclusions. As a result of the regression analysis, the position about the determinant role of regional differentiation of income distribution of the population in determining the regional distribution of the number of labor migrants was confirmed. The regression model uses the indicator of the share of labor migrants in the employed population as the dependent variable characterizing the intensity of labor migration to the region, and data on the average per capita monetary income of the population in the regions of the Russian Federation as the independent variable. The calculation of the regression coefficient indicates the presence of a weak correlation between these variables. Thus, regional disparities in the level of income affect the formation of imbalance in the placement of foreign labor force, since it is the economic factor of attractiveness of the regional labor market that forms the flows of labor migration in the regions.

Aim. To conduct an analysis of research on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in medicine, norms and practices governing this field, and on its basis to build a taxonomy of AI-based decisions in the practice of medical services.

Objectives. To structure existing AI-based solutions in medicine; to identify, based on research and state registration data, the most mature areas of AI application and potential areas of development; to study the specific features of the applied technologies.

Methods. The authors using general methods of scientific cognition in various aspects considered the sphere of application of AI technologies in medicine, identified and systematized the characteristic features of the current state of this field and trends of further development.

Results. According to the results of the analysis of existing solutions in the field of AI application in medicine all solutions are divided by the degree of elaboration, main processes and type of used data. The constructed taxonomy is the first step in comprehending and structuring the existing AI solutions, possibilities of their use in the process of rendering various medical services.

Conclusions. Today, the most developed area of AI use in medicine is the analysis of medical images in the process of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Further development and introduction of these technologies into medical practice requires a more structured approach to assessing their effectiveness and efficiency, as well as solving a number of ethical and regulatory issues.

Aim. To substantiate the expediency of the competence approach in the labor remuneration of the personnel of mass working specialties, as well as to consider specific features of the practical implementation of labor remuneration of this category of personnel regarding the order of formation of material remuneration by competences and the structure of competence assessment elements.

Objectives. To define the role and essence of supraprofessional competences in labor remuneration; to analyze the structure of wages in the aspect of establishing the elements of material remuneration formed by competences; to form approaches to the assessment of competences taking into account the specifics of the personnel of mass working specialties.

Methods. In order to establish the part of wages formed by competences, the authors have carried out a comparative analysis of modern labor remuneration systems. The procedure for assessing the competences of the personnel of mass work specialties is based on the approach used by the federal centers of competence assessment.

Results. Methodological proposals for the improvement of the labor remuneration system for the personnel of mass working specialties are formed, which consist in the allocation of a variable part as a material remuneration based on the results of competence assessment. The assessment of competences is considered as a single complex tool, including the assessment of professional and supraprofessional competences.

Conclusions. Recommendations of the authors of the article on improvement of the system of labor remuneration of the personnel of mass working specialties on the basis of the competence approach will allow to provide growth of labor productivity, formation of long-term competitive advantages, increase the level of adaptability of workers to changes in the production environment.

Aim. To study the transformation of the digital financial assets (DFA) market in the Russian Federation (RF) at the present stage.

Objectives. To disclose the essence and role in the economy of DFA; to analyze the volume of the DFA market and their numbers for 2023; to consider the types and advantages of DFA; to identify the main prerequisites for the introduction of the digital ruble in the financial system of the Russian Federation; to study the process of introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) in different countries; to show new opportunities and prospects for making payments and storing funds using the digital ruble.

Methods. The authors used a comprehensive approach combining general scientific methods, methods of comparative and economic analysis, analytical processing and graphical presentation of information.

Results. The trend of DFA development as a specific type of economic assets is considered. Emphasis is placed on the study of the transformation of the Russian DFA market at the present stage. The participants of the DFA market are described, their role in its functioning is revealed. The graphical analysis of the DFA market volume and their number for 2023 is carried out. The impact of the introduction of the digital ruble on the transmission mechanism of monetary policy is studied. The factors of financial stability under the conditions of the introduction of the digital ruble have been analyzed.

Conclusions. At present, the financial and banking spheres are leading in the introduction of blockchain into their systems, as they are experiencing the process of digitalization to the greatest extent. The accelerating growth rate of the number of issued DFAs for 2023 that we have identified indicates an increasing interest in the new digital financial instrument by issuers. It was found that in the process of transformation of the Russian DFA market all prerequisites for the introduction of the digital ruble have been formed, which, acting as an additional monetary unit, can successfully counteract the problems of the financial sector. The introduction of the digital ruble has a complex and multifaceted effect on the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. It requires careful analysis and a strategic approach on the part of regulators in order to maximize the positive impact on the economy and minimize possible risks and negative consequences. In the long term, under the conditions of financial sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation, the digital ruble can become an effective alternative to traditional international settlements.

Aim. To determine the Russian specifics and interrelations in the structure of sources of income of Russian households and living standards of the population on the example of municipal formations of a number of regions of the Russian Federation (RF).

Objectives. To consider the domestic and foreign experience of singling out the interrelations of socio-economic development of territories and the structure of household income; to develop a methodology for assessing and forming a statistical base for assessing the structure of house-hold income; to calculate the interrelations of the structure of household income (labor, entre-preneurial income, social payments) and the standard of living of the population in the municipal formations of the Ural Federal District (UFD).

Methods. As a source of information we used publicly available databases on municipal entities of Rosstat, which present household incomes and social payments to the population. On this basis, adjustments and necessary calculations were made regarding the sources of household income and the formation of the database of average per capita income in municipalities of the UFD regions.

Results. The share of social payments in the total income of households in the municipalities of the UFD regions was calculated. In urban areas the share of social payments is close to the average Russian value, while in rural areas the share varies by regions. The correlation between labor and entrepreneurial incomes was determined; the southern regions of the district show an approximate parity of labor and entrepreneurial incomes of households, while in the northern municipalities three quarters of incomes fall on labor activity. As a result, the interrelationships of rural and urban settlements’ income structure with average per capita incomes are highlighted. The factors influencing this correlation for each type of municipal formations in the UFD regions were identified.

Conclusions. The study has shown that in general in the UFD municipalities the most significant component of income is the income from wage labor and social payments. In the southern regions of the UFD large cities have a great influence on the studied indicators, in the northern regions — natural resource extraction activities. Thus, the factors of financial development in the context of personal income are very diverse and depend on many conditions. The main ones include urbanization of the territory, availability of minerals, settlement system (large regional centers).

Aim. Compare the composition and content of the accounting (financial) republic, as well as the requirements for its formation, presented in FAS 4/2023 and the currently applicable regulatory documents regarding these aspects.

Objectives. To analyze the provisions of FAS 4/2023; to conduct a comparative analysis of the content of FAS 4/2023 and current regulations in the field of preparation and presentation of accounting (financial) statements; to identify similarities and differences between the documents; to identify changes in the content and formation of accounting (financial) statements from 2025.

Methods. The authors used general methods of scientific cognition, including comparison, description, study of documents.

Results. FAS 4/2023 “Accounting (Financial) Reporting” was approved in pursuance of the Program for the Development of Federal Accounting Standards. In fact, its application will begin in the preparation of statements in 2025. FAS 4 will replace the Regulation on Accounting PBU 4/99 “Accounting Reporting of Organization” approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 43n dated July 6, 1999, and Order No. 66n dated July 2, 2010 of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation “On Forms of Accounting Reports of Organizations”. With the help of general methods of scientific knowledge the similarities and differences in the normative-legal regulation of aspects of the content and preparation of accounting (financial) statements are revealed; the changes to be taken into account by accountants in the formation of accounting statements in the next year are established. This study is relevant given the ongoing transformations in the regulation of accounting and reporting. The issues of composition, content and formation of accounting financial statements of organizations require special attention, since the informativeness of this set of documents has a significant impact on the adoption of various kinds of managerial / economic decisions.

Conclusions. FAS 4 discloses exclusively aspects of the composition and content of organizations’ accounting statements, covering this topic in a comprehensive and detailed manner. It provides clear definitions of the main accounting concepts related to accounting reporting, which have long been known to accountants, but have not yet been enshrined in regulatory legal acts. Now one document contains information about the components of the annual and interim accounting (financial) statements, samples of forms, requirements for the reliability and content of information from the statements; the minimum list of indicators for disclosure is defined, regardless of their materiality; the rules of signing the statements are fixed.

Aim. To identify the degree of influence of events related to the imposition of external sanctions on the functioning of higher education institutions in the Russian Federation (RF) and to make their structuring depending on the nature and scale of the imposed sanctions.

Objectives. To consider the main problems arising before higher education institutions in connection with the increasing number of imposed sanctions against the RF; to analyze their impact on the risks of educational institutions; to identify methods of their reduction; to assess the level of their variability in modern conditions.

Methods. In the process of the research the general scientific methods of cognition, system and comparative analysis of statistical information, scientific systematization and generalization of normative-legal documentation were used.

Results. The general characterization of the negative effect of the introduction of international sanctions on the country’s economy in general and on the sphere of higher education in particular is given. The impact of sanctions on the work of institutions of higher education system of the Russian Federation in the aspect of development of international cooperation in the field of science and education has been assessed. The sources of new types of risks are identified and the level of threats from their realization is justified, the most effective methods of management of these types of risks in modern geopolitical conditions are characterized.

Conclusions. It is established that the introduction of international sanctions had a significant impact on the system of higher education in Russia, the dynamics of their introduction revealed the depth of contradictions between the systems of social order of the Russian Federation and the countries of the global West. The negative factors of the impact of the imposed sanctions on the activities of Russian educational institutions have been assessed. At the same time, the sanctions pressure in general and exclusion from the Bologna system in particular led to the mobilization of internal resources, showed the need for reforms in education and science, contributing to the strengthening of scientific sovereignty of the country. With this Aim. The Government of the Russian Federation together with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation is implementing a set of measures aimed at supporting and ensuring the progressive development of domestic science and education. The analysis of changing risk factors and methods of their minimization has shown that in the conditions of changing norms and rules of international relations the need to find new ways to neutralize threats is undeniable.

Aim. To identify the problems and prospects of tourism investment activity in the conditions of a complex geopolitical situation at the present stage.

Objectives. To define the role of the tourism industry development; to group the targets set for achievement as a result of investment programs implementation; to describe the current state of investment processes in the tourism industry; to identify the most frequently arising problems and to form proposals for their overcoming.

Methods. The author used general scientific methods, including analysis and synthesis, description, as well as methods of structural, system and economic analysis.

Results. The development of the tourism sector is included in the main tasks of integrated sustainable development of the region. In order to activate private investment in the tourism industry, the state program of the Russian Federation (RF) “Tourism Development” has been developed, which specifies the algorithm for achieving the strategic objectives contained in the Strategy of Tourism Development in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035. The main condition is the creation of an attractive investment environment to ensure the reduction of the payback period of projects and leveling of entrepreneurial risks, an environment that promotes the increase in financing of creative projects for the development of supportive infrastructure. Despite the set tasks and allocated funds, the contribution of the tourism industry to the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation is not significant. The size of public and private investments in the tourism industry does not allow us to talk about the possibility to fully disclose the tourist potential of our country. The article reveals the problems of tourism industry development, offers a typology of legal models of investment projects taking into account their comparative characteristics.

Conclusions. In the conditions of the new geopolitical order outbound tourism along classical directions is practically absent. However, Russia has a huge potential for the creation of powerful tourist zones for domestic tourism. A new tourist map of world tourism is being formed, and it is necessary to form organizational, economic, legal mechanisms for the application of effective investment tourism practices.