Aim. The presented study aims to develop conceptual approaches to the modeling, formation, and development of an innovative industrial trade route belt as a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the Russian economy on a non-resource basis. Tasks. The authors identify basic characteristics of the formation of an innovative industrial trade route belt through a comprehensive historical and economic analysis that reflects specific aspects of the establishment and development of economic systems, including an examination of the formerly important transit countries and current trends in the functioning of transport transit systems. Methods. This study uses systems analysis, evolutionary-institutional theory, and an historical approach. Results. The study establishes that modeling an innovative infrastructure trade route belt involves building a system of models that reflects the movement of goods with high added value and high transportability; development of the transportation and communication infrastructure, which is also (and sometimes even primarily) necessary for the military and strategic needs and the needs of public administration; production of innovative (for its time) rolling stock; the formation and development of a logistics network, the performance of servicing companies, industries, and types of production; and processes in the financial sector relevant to the trade route. Conclusions. The study shows that the lack of favorable opportunities for the development of agriculture and industries dependent on the proximity of mineral deposits stimulates cities and nations to develop trade routes. It is necessary not only to develop transport connections, but also to build and model profitable trade routes-primarily by moving from goods transit toward re-export with added value creation. In this regard, the formation and creation of the Russian Transport Transit Company (RTTC) business model, aimed to create a competitive environment in the global transportation services market, seems highly relevant. Therefore, the innovative industrial trade route belt should be perceived as a buffer zone between different components of the world economy and one that involves the risk of the country becoming a transit country; i.e., a parasite serving as a mediator between the center of the economic world and its peripheral areas.

Due to the catastrophically difficult economic situation in Russia as a result of sanctions and lack of development strategy, trade with Vietnam is currently in a crisis, its weak growth being mostly attributable to the import of Vietnamese goods in Russia. There is a huge trade deficit between Russia and Vietnam. In spite of this, Vietnam remains interested in Russia as a reliable investment partner and, more recently, as a supplier of state-of-the-art military equipment. Russia has not yet considered the rapid growth of Vietnam’s trade with the major economies of the U.S.A., China, the European Union, and more developed countries of Southeast Asia-members of the ASEAN. Russia has been trying to overcome the existing crisis in trade relations through a 2016 transition toward free trade within the free trade zone of the Eurasian Economic Union with Vietnam, in which Russia plays a major role as the main importer of Vietnamese goods. Aim. The present study aims to examine the causes of the persistently low volume of trade with Vietnam at a time of active trade with the U.S.A. and developed European and Asian countries. Tasks. The authors identify Russian and Vietnamese commodity resources and trade growth factors and summarize the preliminary results of trade within the E.E.U.-Vietnam free trade zone. Has it produced the expected effects over the last two years? Results. The current economic situation in Vietnam and Russia and the current state of their economic sectors involved in mutual trade are determined. Potential shocks and new threats for Russia and Vietnam today and ways of overcoming them are identified. Preliminary results of Russian trade with Vietnam within the free trade zone are summarized in the context of the expected effects and available resources for development in the coming years.

The present study examines the impact of risk factors on Russian entrepreneurship in the context of clusterization. Aim. The study aims to determine a correlation between the risk factors as well as the extent of their impact on entrepreneurship in the context of clusters based on diversification. Tasks. The authors examine risk factors in entrepreneurship, the problem of diversification and its correlation with clusterization, along with risks in Russian entrepreneurship, as well as the problem of economic efficiency of clusters; substantiate the relevance of clusterization in the modern Russian economy; draw valid conclusions about the prospects of clusters derived from diversification. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, primarily general logical, and theoretical methods, which constitute the basis of empirical research. Results. At this stage, the problem is defined, major cause-and-effect relations are determined, and the current clusterization trends in the Russian economy are identified. Conclusion. The broad geography of clusterization proves its economic efficiency, with clusters receiving nationwide support. In many cases, diversification lies at the heart of cluster formation. This is especially true for industrial, innovative, and educational clusters. Such clusters are responsible for the strengthening of intellectual capital (potential), risk mitigation, and efficiency improvement. Development of an individual cluster involves development of small and medium enterprises in general, intensification of investment attraction and, as a consequence, acceleration of regional socioeconomic development.

The present study examines the problem of using marine transportation services in the context of import substitution policy implementation in Russian shipbuilding during a period of aggressive external pressure on the Russian economy. Aim. The study aims to examine the current state, dynamics, and development trends of marine transportation services in the context of import substitution policy implementation under “anti-Russian” economic sanctions. Tasks. The authors identify problems, determine capabilities and ways of development of Russian marine transportation services in the context of import substitution policy implementation in national shipbuilding. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the problems of using marine transportation services during import substitution policy implementation in Russian shipbuilding. Results. Western sanctions and the effective severance of economic relations with Ukraine, which has long been one of the main suppliers of components and aggregates for Russian shipbuilding enterprises, have facilitated import substitution policy implementation in the shipbuilding industry. Coordinated actions of the government, integrated structures (such as the United Shipbuilding Corporation and the United Engine Corporation), and shipbuilding enterprises have resulted in a number of projects on manufacturing products that had never before been manufactured in Russia. Conclusion. The changing geopolitical situation and imposition of new sanctions under farfetched pretenses have made import substitution vital for ensuring Russia’s defensive capabilities and normal functioning of all sectors of the national economy. Import substitution has turned from a desired, widely discussed project that was poorly implemented in the fat 2000s into one of the essential means for the country’s survival, in the context of aggressive external pressure on the Russian economy.

The present study examines the experience of marketing and neuromarketing in human resource management practices. Aim. Theoretical comprehension of neuromarketing components in the context of human resource management. Tasks. The authors analyze major marketing and neuromarketing models used in the field of human resource management, develop their own model of using neuromarketing data in an organization with the purpose of optimizing interaction between the employees and the company, optimizing professional activity, and enhancing professional success and productivity. Methods. Study material includes information analysis of the nomenclature and vocabulary of the applied neurosciences and recruitment marketing. Contextual text analysis and modeling of terms and models are used to organize and specify the terminology. Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan’s self-determination theory and the Zaltman metaphor elicitation technique are employed. Results. The study proposes a definition of recruitment marketing and a “Staff - marketing mix” model, which organizes the basic elements of recruitment marketing in an efficient and logical way. Implementation of the model proposed by the authors for modern organizations, and the assessment of the recruitment management system based on this model would allow managers to ensure all necessary conditions for the implementation of recruitment marketing. In turn, recruitment marketing would serve as a favorable foundation for the cultivation of a corporate philosophy that would attract competent, highly qualified, and talented professionals and help manage them efficiently. The study proposes directions, methods, and areas of application for neuromarketing methods in human resource management practices. Conclusion. Recruitment marketing involves implementation of several human resource management tools: recruitment planning, staff recruitment and selection, staff adaptation, compensation programs, etc. Application of neuromarketing methods can significantly improve the interaction between the employees and the organization, optimize them and affect social attitudes of the employees such as loyalty, involvement, satisfaction, and trust, which are important for enhancing efficiency.

Aim. The presented study aims to provide practical recommendations for ensuring the competitiveness of business activities under unstable economic conditions. Tasks. The authors identify competitivenessreducing factors and propose specific recommendations with due allowance for those factors to ensure the competitiveness of business activities. Methods. This study is based on the dialectical systems approach as well as logical, factorial, and comparative analysis using the theoretical framework of analysis of economic processes. Results. The recommendations proposed by this study are aimed at ensuring competitiveness and address the current state of business structures with a focus on developing their competitive potential in the future, which is crucial under unstable economic conditions. Conclusions. The recommendations proposed by this study can ensure the competitive development of business structures and help them gain an additional competitive edge by improving economic performance, creating favorable conditions, increasing the level of staff competence, and enhancing innovative potential.

The present study examines the experience of the implementation of proactive budgeting in Russia aimed at enhancing municipal finance efficiency. Aim. The study aims to examine the Russian and foreign experience of participatory budgeting, classify the functions and motives of the participants (for both the government and citizens), and identify strategies for the application of co-production in civil budgeting, with the purpose of enhancing the efficiency of local budgets. Tasks. The authors identify the essential features and specific aspects of the evolution of proactive budgets in the modern period; examine the impact of co-production and cooperation of citizens on ensuring the balance of local financial policy; analyze the experience of budget implementation for the population of the Russian regions and determine better means to optimize it. Methods. This study employs the institutional approach, the collective action theory, and the concept of political capabilities. Results. The study provides a generalized structure of the functions and motives of civilian involvement in the mechanism of participatory budgeting and proposes strategies for the co-production of public goods that would ensure the efficiency of local budgets. Conclusion. Examination of the experience of participatory budget implementation in Russia and foreign countries shows that civilian involvement is being replaced by cooperation, co-production, and a more direct role of the population in the allocation of municipal resources.

The system of higher professional education is constantly changing. However, the prestige of professional education remains high, which indicates the high value of education in the collective consciousness of the modern Russian society. That said, society faces the problems of availability, quality, and efficiency of education. Therefore, in order to attract new consumers and retain existing ones, higher education institutions are actively using various marketing tools. Thus, viewing a higher educational institution as a management system requires careful consideration of all the components of its marketing system as well as the interaction between it and the external environment. Aim. The study aims to identify the following marketing tools: ensuring the sale of educational products; maximizing profit; maintaining the organization’s market share. Tasks. The authors analyze the specific aspects of pricing in the educational services market. Results. This study analyzes the specific aspects of pricing in the educational services market and identifies factors that determine supply dynamics. Nowadays, the marketing approach to higher educational institution management is becoming increasingly relevant, considering how the economic situation in the country, and reformation of most spheres of life, prompt managers to devote particular attention to marketing research when deciding on a pricing policy with regard to educational services, in accordance with the laws of supply and demand. Conclusion. The pricing policy is closely associated with the understanding of the company’s general pricing principles. The fundamental difference of the marketing approach to pricing is that the asking price is based on finding optimal market balance. The impact of several factors on pricing has prompted educational institutions to analyze their effects on the process of price formation. Thus, selecting a method, strategy, and tactics for appropriate pricing is essential for determining the final price of a product.

The present article is a result of a study of the conditions that affect the formation of values and motivation among employees. Aim. The study aims to substantiate social and organizational conditions that affect the formation of values and motivation among employees. Tasks. The authors perform a theoretical analysis of the concepts of “values” and “motivation” and determine conditions for the formation of values and motivation among employees with the purpose of identifying social and organizational components of the external environment that affect the formation of values and motivation. Methods. Developments of Russian and foreign researchers in the examination of values and meaningful components of human personality and employee motivation serve as the theoretical and methodological bases of the study. Results. The study determines the essence of employee values and motivation and defines the social, organizational, and internal conditions for their formation. Conclusion. The main conclusion to be drawn from the results of the study is that there are external (social and organizational) and internal conditions that directly and indirectly affect the formation of values and motivation among employees. Understanding these conditions makes it possible to develop a social mechanism that permits better social management of values and motivation at a societal level or for particular social groups and communities.

The present study provides requirements for the development of an information system for regional educational system efficiency management and describes general functional requirements for such a system. Aim and tasks. This study aims to develop general requirements for an information system for regional educational system efficiency management based on the analysis of its application domain, along with the developed methodology for complex assessment of the activity of educational organizations and description of the processes of its functioning. Methods. The development of an information system for regional educational system efficiency management is examined in various aspects. Results. General functional requirements for an information system for regional educational system efficiency management are provided based on the developed algorithm for the assessment of a large regional (city-wide) educational system - in accordance with the proposed efficiency management criteria. Based on the developed requirements, a model of the screen form of the information system for regional educational system efficiency management is proposed. Conclusion. The developed information system for regional educational system efficiency management can be easily adapted for application at various levels of regional educational system management by decision makers. Such a system could serve as a foundation for a whole range of tools for making managerial decisions at the level of an educational organization, city, or region.