The presented study determines the prerequisites for accelerating economic growth and improving the quality of socio-economic development by modernizing approaches to the regulation of the labor market and reproduction of labor potential.

Aim. The study aims to identify problems in ensuring economic growth in Russia by the workforce and to propose approaches to solving these problems.

Tasks. The authors characterize the current rate and prospects of changes in economic growth in Russia; describe the problems of ensuring economic growth from the perspective of a factorial approach (through the example of the labor factor); analyze the causes of labor market imbalance and inefficient provision of workforce for the economy; propose recommendations on improving the process of ensuring economic growth by the workforce at the current stage of development of the Russian economy.

Methods. This study applies methods of institutional, structural, and statistical analysis to the processes of economic growth and socio-economic development. A factorial approach to the description of economic growth is used during the analysis of this phenomenon. Its rate is determined by the quantity and quality of (resource) production factors. The labor factor is thoroughly analyzed. The problems of ensuring economic growth in Russia by the workforce are examined from the perspective of the systems approach using methodological techniques of variant and situation analysis.

Results. The study substantiates the opinion that the modern Russian economy has stalled in a state of near-zero growth, mostly due to the low efficiency of the implemented socio-economic policy. It is therefore necessary to increase the rate of economic growth. The authors use the factorial approach (through the example of the labor factor) to examine the sufficiency of resourcing of economic growth with production factors. It is shown that, in light of the recent pension reform, workforce in modern Russia is sufficient and even superfluous. The key qualitative problems in the operation of the labor market are comprehensively analyzed, including the structural and quantitative discrepancy between specialist training in the educational system and labor requirements; overeducation of the population (people perform work that requires lower qualification than their actual level of education and/or professional training). This study shows the specificity of these problems and provides recommendations on solving them, which requires revising approaches to the development and implementation of the state economic policy.

Conclusions. Russia has the resource capabilities (in terms of workforce) to intensify economic growth and make a breakthrough in socio-economic development. Analysis of the existing problems in this field shows that these issues can be solved. However, this requires a focused, systematic effort spearheaded by the government, which is impossible without improving the implemented state economic policy.

The presented study examines the experience of integration of sustainable development principles into the national strategies of countries with a significant share of the commodity economy.
Aim. The study aims to generalize the experience of countries in terms of measures aimed at the formation of conditions for the development of the green segment of the national financial market.
Tasks. The authors compare initiatives in the field of sustainable development and green investment implemented by different countries and their approaches to the formation and development of the green segment of the national financial market.
Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the specific features of the approach to the funding of sustainable development and green economic growth implemented by the countries.
Results. The authors examine the issues of the integration of sustainable development principles into national strategies and policies through the example of five countries. The following aspects are analyzed: comparison of the key indicators of socio-economic development; actions taken to reorientate the commodity economy; implemented strategies for the formation of the green segment of the economy; the achieved results. The analysis generalizes the countries’ approaches to the reorientation of economic entities toward sustainable activities; describes the selected directions for the formation of funding sources for sustainable activities and national solutions in financial market regulation; systematizes market tools for the funding of green investment and determines the configuration of the green segment of the national financial market in the examined countries.
Conclusions. The examined experience of several countries shows that the government plays an important role in the formation of the green segment of the national financial market, and there is a variety of approaches to sustainable development and the model of green economic growth based on it. The countries have different priorities, including social and environmental factors on the national agenda. A wide range of tools are used to reorientate toward sustainable activities, but the key problem for all countries lies in the formation of funding sources for sustainable activities. The countries are essentially reformatting the financial landscape, attempting to transfer the burden of funding of economic development from the government to the market.

The presented study analyzes threats to regional economic security and searches for ways to improve economic security.
Aim. The study aims to identify and analyze potential threats to regional economic security (through the example of the Republic of Crimea).
Tasks. The authors conduct a theoretical analysis of the concept of a threat economic security, identify regional features that affect the level of economic security, and list the major threats to the economic security of the Republic of Crimea.
Methods. The scientific perspectives of threats to economic security are examined. This study uses logical analysis methods to identify factors that determine regional features and their relationship with the identified threats to economic security. The socio-economic situation in the Republic of Crimea is assessed according to the analysis of statistics.
Results. Russian regions are highly different due to their geographic location, natural resource potential, economic specialization, and other factors. This is why threats to regional economic security are identified with allowance for each region’s specific features. The study lists and classifies the major threats to regional economic security, particularly in relation to the Republic of Crimea.
Conclusions. In the context of economic crisis, unstable geopolitical situation, and foreign sanctions, economic security becomes one of the top national priorities. Due to Russia’s federal nature, its regions play an important role in the formation of the country’s economic security as a whole. Therefore, it is necessary to identify threats to regional security early and find efficient ways to counter them.

The topic of the study is relevant due to the fact that the world economy and international economic relations are influenced by global challenges. In this context, the formation of a new technological paradigm based on digitalization is an important trend.
Aim. The presented study aims to determine the effects of global economic challenges on the development of future markets.
Tasks. The authors determine the essence of global challenges at the current stage of development of the world economy and specific aspects of international economic relations; substantiate the emergence and nature of future markets and analyze the impact of global challenges on their development.
Methods. The major modern global challenges are systematized with allowance for their current and potential impact on the development of future markets. The essence and nature of the current development of future markets are analyzed. This study uses the methods of comparative analysis and economic-statistical (including correlation) analysis to examine and compare the dynamics of the indicators of future markets and indicators of world economy development.
Results. The analysis shows that future technology markets have their own features, such as customization of production, after-sales service, development of cross-sectoral ecosystems, etc. The identified global challenges include global economic recession, growth of trade barriers, and increased global competition, which can be both limiting and stimulating for future markets.
Conclusions. On the global economic scale, future markets can be identified as a competitive path towards solving environmental, technological, socio-economic, and other global problems. The corresponding markets can ensure significant potential for economic growth.

The presented study examines a new approach to the interpretation and structuring of economic modernization as a process implemented by means of the adaptive and proactive potential of entrepreneurship and big business in particular. In this regard, the authors attempt to structure the relationship between proactivity and modernization, to examine risks and regional projections of the process based on the experience of the Novoye Sodruzhestvo Industrial Union and its global unit, Combine Plant Rostselmash.
Aim. The study aims to examine the relationship between proactivity and modernization in the context of the implementation of a multi-pronged adaptive strategy by means of proactivity.
Tasks. The authors analyze the foundation and determine the fundamental significance of the competencies of big business as an actor in the implementation of modernization strategies on an economywide basis.
Methods. This study uses systemic and structural analysis and structuring of the modernization process, taking into consideration the theory of proactivity, theory of bureaucracy and regional economy, and results of business analytics to show that full implementation of modernization vectors in the economy is possible through multi-format application of the competencies, potential, and resources of big business implementing modernization principles in its activities.
Results. The transformation of the current content of modernization processes is substantiated based on the results of consideration of traditional factors and innovation trends. Proactivity is shown to be a modernization mechanism in the context of modern global processes. The structure and content of the proactive activities of market companies are characterized, providing a comparative analysis of proactivity and reactivity in the activities of market agents and the public sector. The correlation between proactive corporate activities and the directions of regional modernization is analyzed through the example of the global business of Combine Plant Rostselmash and the Rostov region as its home region. The results of this study can be used at the regional level in the transformation of approaches to formulating and structuring the priorities and mechanisms of the modernization policy, developing documents regulating modernization transformations and measures aimed at engaging big business in strategizing and programming processes.
Conclusions. The study proves that big business has unique qualities and competencies for the implementation of modernization behavior, which are non-reproducible within the framework of public administration. Thus, the modernization policy should include a set of measures to promote business (including protection of property rights, freedom of trade, increased confidence in the economy) as the bearer of modernization competencies. This approach should be accompanied by a shift in the focus of the government policy towards creating conditions for the implementation of the modernization strategies of big business at the national and regional levels.

The presented study examines the specific features of the operation of institutional sports organizations at the current stage of socio-economic development with the purpose of developing measures to facilitate efficient use of their resource potential.
Aim. The study aims to substantiate the need to apply a funding model for institutional sports organizations based on the assessment of available resources and development of new methods of income generation to carry out activities.
Tasks. The authors define the concept of resource potential within the context of the subject area; examine the specific features of the resource potential of institutional sports organizations at the current stage of socio-economic development; identify the funding sources of institutional sports organizations; determine ways to rationalize funding so as to make the operation of a sports club more efficient.
Methods. This study uses the methodology of a systems approach to examining economic phenomena and processes, systems analysis, and analysis of empirical data on the activities of sports organizations operating under the aegis of St. Petersburg universities.
Results. It is established that at the present stage the funding of institutional sports organizations that perform an important social function for the formation of human capital is of great significance. The funding of institutional sports organizations has its own specific features. In most cases, it depends on the availability of budgetary funds, which are scarce. Therefore, managers of institutions need to develop a model that would allow institutional sports organizations to operate efficiently and achieve their social goals, making the most of the funds invested in their development.
Conclusions. The authors propose directions for examining the resource potential of institutional sports organizations and further exploring opportunities for the financial support of the process of providing services to socially significant population groups.

The presented study analyzes the proposal of the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation D. A. Medvedev to switch to a four-day working week. In the context of the topic, the experience of dealing with this issue is examined, including international practices. A similar proposal was discussed by I.V. Stalin as far back as Soviet times, although in the context of switching to five- or six-hour working days, but only in 2019 did this issue become the subject of debate. In light of the pension reform, which has led to an increase in the retirement age in Russia, a number of experts believe that such proposals may entail potential changes that could have a negative effect on the situation of workers. This study examines the mechanisms of public administration in coordination with enterprises relating to changes in the working hours.
Aim. The authors aim to analyze potential directions for the improvement of public administration in the field of labor legislation, which has a significant impact on the development of the economy, business, and the situation of workers.
Tasks. This study determines the historical background of Russia’s switch to a four-day working week; examines the legal mechanisms and specific features of labor legislation in Russia in the context of the planned switch to a four-day working week; explores international practices in the field of regulation of working hours; analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of switching to a four-day working week in Russia; develops proposals associated with Russia’s switch to a four-day working week.
Methods. The methodological basis for the consideration of the problems includes general scientific methods, systems, structural, functional, and institutional analysis.
Results. The ongoing processes in the field of improvement of labor legislation and its impact on the economy, business, and the situation of workers are comprehensively analyzed. The historical background of Russia’s switch to a four-day working week is determined; fundamentals of Russian labor legislation are examined; benefits and drawbacks of the potential innovations in the field of regulation of working hours are identified with allowance for international practices. The authors formulate proposals, the implementation of which will bring Russia closer to the switch to a four-day working week.
Conclusions. The proposals of the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation to switch to a four-day working week has raised a lot of questions. For instance, it is unclear whether the current wages will be maintained. It is also questionable whether it is a step towards artificially reducing unemployment, in which fields this idea is likely to manifest itself first, and so on. These questions need to be thoroughly discussed by the representatives of the Government of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, trade unions, and the scientific community. It is necessary to conduct a sociological survey to determine and prevent concerns among citizens about the upcoming changes. That said, the authors believe that the idea itself is conceptually correct, but it still valid to doubt whether it can be successfully implemented at the time of capitalism, when entrepreneurs focus on profit and are not interested in reducing the working time of their employees. According to the authors, the plans of I.V. Stalin to reduce working time could faster come into fruition with the socialist economic model, which facilitated innovations in the machine tool industry that would boost GDP growth and significantly reduce production costs. Assessing the prospects of development of this idea at the present stage is difficult.

The presented study examines the impact of macroeconomic and demographic factors and increased retirement age on the formation of the pension rights of insured persons within the distributive component of the compulsory pension insurance system.
Aim. The study aims to use actuarial calculations to substantiate the procedure for the formation of insurance pension rights within the compulsory pension insurance system in the context of population ageing.
Tasks. The authors develop methodological approaches to the actuarial substantiation of the formation of pension rights within the distributive component of the compulsory pension insurance system. They also formulate proposals for improving pension legislation to increase the efficiency of the formation of insurance rights within the compulsory pension insurance system and for the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation to achieve fiscal balance, raising the level of pension for the period up to 2050.
Methods. This study uses general and special scientific methods of cognition – analysis (economicstatistical, financial, systemic, comparative) of theoretical and practical materials and synthesis, expert assessment, actuarial modeling and forecasting – to examine the formation of pension rights by insured persons within the context of the pension system in various aspects (legal, historical, temporal) and to develop proposals for implementing measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the formation of pension rights in the long term.
Results. Analysis of the leading approaches and principles in the formation of the pension rights of insured persons and legislative regulation of this process within a time interval of more than 30 years as well as the conducted actuarial calculations show that it is necessary to create a new mechanism for calculating pension rights in the context of population ageing. There is an obvious need to develop constructive measures based on the results of actuarial calculations to improve pension legislation.
Conclusions. Examination of the way the formation of pension rights of insured persons transformed over time makes it obvious that this process is continuously affected by macroeconomic and demographic factors, including natural population ageing, and the measures taken to increase the retirement age. The resulting situation calls for the development of a set of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of pension reforms in the future to fully make allowance for the pension rights of insured persons in the amount of the future pension.

The presented study considers the susceptibility of gross domestic product (GDP) production to a shift in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in retirement age starting with 2019.
Aim. The study aims to examine the quantitative assessments of GDP production in Russia with allowance for the changes in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in the actual retirement age.
Tasks. The authors forecast the number of the working-age population with allowance for an increase in the retirement age; develop a model to establish a correlation between the number of the workingage population, investment in fixed capital, and GDP production; quantify the impact of the shift in the number of the working-age population on GDP production in Russia.
Methods. This study is based on the results of modeling and long-term forecasting.
Results. An economic-mathematical model to establish a correlation between the number of the working-age population, investment in fixed capital, and GDP production is presented. To specify the economic effects of a shift in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in the retirement age, Russia’s GDP production is forecasted for the “old” and “new” (increased retirement age) pension scheme. The forecast is provided for three variants of the number of the working-age population.
Conclusions. It is found that with the “old” pension scheme with a lower retirement age GDP production across all three variants will decrease by 2036 compared to 2017. With regard to the “new” scheme that increases the retirement age, it is concluded that an increase in the retirement age is a factor that facilitates GDP production. However, its effect on economic growth will be insignificant.

The presented study improves the model of top-level documentation workflow in FMCG chain retailing companies by building a special data architecture.
Aim. The study aims to develop a model of top-level documentation workflow for building architectural solutions of FMCG chain retailing companies based on data architecture modeling.
Tasks. First, it is necessary to examine the general documentation workflow system of FMCG chain retailing companies, identifying the major interested parties — participants of external, internal, and supporting workflow. It is also advisable to analyze certain types of internal workflow and to determine the relationships between them. Based on the conducted analysis, it is necessary to develop a conceptual model of data architecture and a documentation workflow model for FMCG chain retailing companies.
Methods. This study represents the general documentation workflow system of FMCG chain retailing companies as three subsystems (external, internal, and supporting workflow). The authors examine the major channels of interaction between chain retailing companies and such interested parties as government authorities, suppliers, consumers, and third-party organizations. Based on the analysis of the elements of the workflow system, this study builds a top-level documentation workflow model and presents a conceptual model of data architecture for FMCG chain retailing companies with allowance for the above-mentioned entities. The model uses UML notation, which makes it possible to reflect key classes and relationships and to identify relationships that need to be simplified.
Results. The study examines the process of improving documentation workflow in FMCG chain retailing companies in the context of active implementation of new IT solutions and automation of business processes to reduce costs and increase sales. The authors show the general documentation workflow system of FMCG chain retailing companies, identifying the major interested parties — participants of external workflow — and analyzing certain types of internal workflow. According to the results of the study, a top-level documentation workflow model for FMCG chain retailing companies is developed based on data architecture design.
Conclusions. Large FMCG chain retailing companies are actively implementing new IT solutions and automate business processes to reduce costs and increase sales. Optimal documentation support for FMCG chain retailing companies is impossible without generating huge amounts of data. Methods of data storage and processing have a direct impact on the speed and quality of business processes. In order to improve documentation workflow, it is becoming increasingly important to develop and optimize data architecture. Data architecture is one of the fundamental models of company operation in terms of comprehensive digitalization. The obtained data model can be considered universal for FMCG chain retailing companies since it makes it possible to organize management in such a way as to ensure the development and efficient functioning of the architecture of chain retailing companies.

A model of a robust control mechanism is a constructed homeostatic space based on adaptive homeostasis at the input and robust homeostasis at the output, which creates dampers for overcoming uncertainty. The most difficult task is to overcome environmental increasing uncertainty, particularly one of its components – strategic uncertainty. In the theory of strategic management, developing reliable strategies is the purpose of scenario planning. By integrating adaptive homeostasis into its mechanism, robust control serves as a reference point for the formation of scenarios for the future of economic systems.
Aim. The presented study aims to substantiate an approach to the development of robust control that consists in integration with scenario planning and increases opportunities for overcoming the increasing uncertainty of the state of the polysubjective external environment, while also implementing convergence into strategic management.
Tasks. The authors examine the opportunities for integration with scenario planning offered by the application of the robust control mechanism; provide an integrated view of the increasing uncertainty of the state of the polysubjective external environment; reveal the logic of the convergence of strategic developments using the method of focused, narrow scenarios.
Methods. The theory of robust control of economic systems is evolving towards the development of methods for the formation of a systemic convergence of two open systems (economic system and polysubjective environment) and integration with scenario planning, which contribute to overcoming strategic uncertainty.
Results. The decision to integrate the robust control mechanism with scenario planning is substantiated. The phenomenon of increasing uncertainty in the characterization of the polysubjective environment is confirmed. The implementation of convergence in strategy development is rationalized, and an example of its realization in strategy development according to the methods of focused, narrow scenarios is given.
Conclusions. Once implemented into the robust control mechanism, adaptive homeostasis – a special information structure with indicators of the polysubjective environment with increasing uncertainty of the economic system – expands opportunities for integration with scenario planning and serves as a reference point for the future of the economic system. An algorithmic representation of strategy development according to the method of focused, narrow scenarios shows that the strategy is a synthesis of contradictory actions formed in the process of convergence, and the strategy is characterized as convergent.

Aim. The presented study aims to examine, analyze, and systematize scientific knowledge in the field of infrastructure systems for the formation of conditions for creating competitive modern enterprises based on IT technologies.
Tasks. The authors define the concept of innovation infrastructure; analyze the external and internal environment of providing a competitive infrastructure for business structures; determine the specific aspects of the formation of theoretical foundations of infrastructure support for the competitiveness of business structures; examine the potential for the digitalization of the economy in the infrastructure support for the creation of competitiveness of business structures.
Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to critically analyze modern mechanisms of infrastructure support for the competitive advantages of innovation-oriented business structures.
Results. External institutions participating in the innovation process in Russia are examined and typified. Their specific features are identified, and the history of their formation and role in the infrastructure are described. The concept of infrastructure support is examined. A correlation between innovation infrastructure and the creation of the competitive advantages of business structures is established.
Conclusions. Based on the examined materials, the authors describe the prospects of using modern information technologies in the design of infrastructure for innovative projects. The study provides recommendations for the transformation of competitiveness support institutions and modernization of the management of the internal elements of innovative business infrastructure in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The authors create prerequisites for the development of an advanced digital application that would combine and balance a lot of data and aspects of infrastructure support for the competitiveness of business structures, improving the efficiency of development of innovative projects, their implementation, and management of business structure competitiveness.