Breakthrough Technologies: New Directions in Economic and Social Development

The presented study examines the comparative characteristics of industrial revolution targets, national goals, and strategic objectives for the development of the Russian economy; proposes methods for measuring and evaluating technological development; describes its impact on economic growth and shows the performance of enterprises.

Aim. The study aims to determine the specific features of formation of economic and social development targets and the potential of new technologies, including breakthrough technologies, for shaping the technological development of the Russian economy; to propose methods for measuring and evaluating technological development and its impact on the growth and development of the national economy that would improve the quality of economic and managerial decision-making.

Tasks. The authors clarify the interpretation of the concept of breakthrough technologies; identify distinctive features in the formation of industrial revolution targets and priority targets for the development of the Russian economy; substantiate methodological approaches to identifying parameters and indicators, methods for measuring and evaluating the level of technological development, its impact on the results of changes in economic growth and development of the national economy and its economic entities.

Methods. The authors use the methods of scientific research, theoretical and comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization, general theory of economic growth, and elements of the economic efficiency theory.

Results. The interpretation of breakthrough technologies as dominant new technologies that can ensure accelerated progressive development of the economy and minimize damage to the natural environment is clarified. The distinctive features of formation of industrial revolution targets and their relationship with the targets for the development of the Russian economy are identified. Evaluative features are substantiated; indicators for measuring and evaluating the transformation of the technological development of enterprises engaged in different activities and indicators for measuring and evaluating the impact of new technologies, including breakthrough technologies, on economic growth and development are proposed. The influence of the recommended measurement and evaluation methods on improving the quality of management decisions is shown.

Conclusions. The study substantiates the need to improve methods for assessing the actual achieved (projected, planned) level of technological development as a necessary prerequisite for its qualitative analysis, evaluation, control, and monitoring required to make sound economic and managerial decisions. The proposed methods for measuring and evaluating technological development, measuring and evaluating the impact of new technologies, including breakthrough technologies, on the quality of economic growth, efficiency and competitiveness of the national economy (region, industry, activity, enterprises) improve the quality of managerial decision-making in achieving national goals for the development of the national economy.

1. De Vries J. The industrious revolution: Consumer behavior and the household economy, 1650 to the present. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008. 340 p. (Russ. ed.: De Vries J. Revolyutsiya trudolyubiya: potrebitel’skoe povedenie i ekonomika domokhozyaistv s 1650 goda do nashikh dnei. Moscow: Delo; 2016. 462 p.).

2. Jevons H.S. The second Industrial Revolution. The Economic Journal. 1931;41(161):1-18. DOI: 10.2307/2224131

3. Earth Policy Institute. URL: http://www.earth-policy.org/ (accessed on 27.10.2020).

4. Rifkin J. The third Industrial Revolution: How lateral power is transforming energy, the economy, and the world. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2011. 291 p.

5. Schwab K. The fourth Industrial Revolution: What it means and how to respond. Foreign Affairs. Dec. 12, 2015. URL: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-12-12/fourth-industrial-revolution (accessed on 27.10.2020).

6. Gubanov S. Russia’s neo-industrial rise requires the removal of systemic restrictions. Ekonomist. 2017;(4):3-10. (In Russ.).

7. Glaz’ev S.Yu. Strategic prerequisites for modernization and innovative development of the Russian economy. Moscow: State University of Management; 2014. 274 p. (In Russ.).

8. Sukharev O. New industrialization and models of technological development: Structure of investments. Ekonomist. 2020;(4):38-55. (In Russ.)

9. The concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020. Approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 17, 2008 No. 1662-r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_82134/28c7f9e359e8af09d7244d8033c66928fa27e527/ (accessed on 27.10.2020). (In Russ.).

10. On national goals and strategic tasks of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2018 No. 204. URL: https://base.garant.ru/71937200/ (accessed on 27.10.2020). (In Russ.).

11. On the Strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2017 No. 208. URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/71572608/ (accessed on 27.10.2020 г.). (In Russ.).

12. Rumyantseva E.E. New economic encyclopedia. Moscow: Infra-M; 2011. 882 p. (In Russ.).

13. Chepachenko N.V., Demin A.M., Leont‘ev A.A. Methodological foundations for managing the growth and development of construction organizations. In: Construction entrepreneurship and real estate. Proc. 32nd Int. sci.-pract. conf. Varna: Nauka i ikonomika; 2017:281-290. (In Russ.).

14. Savitskaya G.V. Performance analysis: Methodological aspects. Moscow: Infra-M; 2017. 291 p. (In Russ.).