ACTUAL PROBLEMS DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS
Aim. The presented study aims to substantiate methodological approaches to the transformation of the priorities of government regulation of socio-economic development during the post-crisis period in the context of the circular economy.
Tasks. To achieve the set aim, the authors address the theoretical and practical problems of the transformation of socio-economic development priorities; comprehensively analyze major problems and identify indicators and criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the government regulation of management in a circular economy; provide recommendations for optimizing management decisions at all levels of regulation of economic entities in the postcrisis period.
Methods. This study uses the methods of complex and historical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, expert assessments, information and communication technologies.
Results. Transformation of the strategic management goal in a circular economy implies structural changes in the priorities of socio-economic development in the classical linear functional model of economic entities based on the introduction of a chain of reusable raw materials in a closed cycle. Business regulation in Russia faces the problems of imperfect institutions of title guarantee and legal regulations that significantly increase risks. Currently, priority directions for the transformation of e-government in a circular economy include such areas as legislative support for the operation of economic entities within a single network space, education, technological innovations, innovative design, digital infrastructure, secure storage and processing of analytic databases. The efficiency of government regulation in the post-pandemic period can be improved by developing and implementing comprehensive programs strategically aimed at creating favorable conditions for sustainable interaction between the business and the government in a circular economy.
Conclusions. Transformation of the priorities of government regulation of socio-economic development in the post-pandemic period involves substantiating the scenarios and organizational forms of their implementation aimed at anti-crisis optimization of the regional development program. Under modern conditions, a priority goal for administrative bodies is to achieve balanced parameters that would enhance Russia's competitiveness in the global market of goods and services with allowance for the principles of the circular economy. Target parameters affecting regional growth and development include reduced usage and replenishment of natural resource potential; introduction of closed cycles of production, consumption, distribution, exchange; transition towards zero waste technological chains in all segments; transformation of all spheres of socio-economic development to meet global environmental standards in raw materials, components, etc.
Aim. The presented study aims to analyze changes in the economic and political systems of the United States associated with the transformation of approaches to supply chain regulation.
Tasks. The authors identify the specific aspects of regulating social, economic, political, and other processes in the United States through presidential executive directives; assess the extent to which issues related to supply chain management are reflected in executive directives; analyze the specific features of supply chain management regulation in the United States in the BidenHarris administration.
Methods. This study uses general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, etc.) as well as special methods such as content analysis, economic and political analysis, and scenario modeling.
Results. The study makes it evident that in the United States great attention is paid to supply chain management issues at the national level, and this is reflected in presidential executive directives. Activity in this area has increased significantly in the Biden-Harris administration. All key ministries are becoming involved in supply chain management, with an emphasis on ensuring national and economic security and maintaining the political, military, and economic leadership of the United States in the world.
Conclusions. The economy and politics of the United States continue to play an important role in the development of mankind. Investigation of the emerging specific trends in these areas helps to adequately respond to future changes. The executive directives of the US President serve as a meaningful source of information about such trends. Their analysis shows that the Biden-Harris administration seeks to highlight the improvement of supply chain management in the United States as one of the strategic directions of the implemented policy.
Aim. The presented study aims to define a methodological approach to the formalization of regional strategies with allowance for the prospective benefits from the interaction between internal and external components of regional socio-economic systems for the national economy.
Tasks. The authors determine the essence of strategic management of regional development by analyzing the internal processes of the interaction between subsystems, components, and elements of the region as a complex socio-economic system; compare the specific features of the functioning and interaction of administrative divisions in a planned and market economy; substantiate the principles of mutually beneficial interregional interaction and the need to improve supra-regional economic efficiency in view of the allowance made for the projected effects of interregional interaction in rational strategic planning; define the concept of strategic management of regional socio-economic systems and formulate an approach to the formation of the management process.
Methods. This study use general scientific methods, including systems analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, detalization and generalization, modelling.
Results. The process of formation and coordination of regional strategies is conceptualized as a basic element of the organizational mechanism of strategic management of the functioning and development of regional socio-economic systems. A system diagram is provided that makes allowance for three hierarchical levels of management (federal, interregional, regional), each acting on the appropriate level of abstraction and introducing its inherent critical aspects of rational planning of national spatial development. It is shown that strategic planning of interregional interaction at the supra-regional level makes it advisable to develop multi-regional, multi-sectoral computer models that would help to achieve a state of interaction close to economic equilibrium, thus ensuring future functioning of the national economy based on the planning principle applied in a brand new way.
Conclusions. The system of strategic management of regional development and interregional interaction should be a multilevel, hierarchically ordered mechanism for the formation and implementation of a strategic plan for the spatial development of the country. Such a system should be aimed at functionally maintaining social and economic, planned and competitive balance between national expediency determined by state strategic priorities and independent regional development guidelines without degenerating into bureaucratic formalism when creating regional development concepts on the one hand and without turning into a constant competitive struggle of divergent interests of the regions on the other. It is advisable to develop an integrated (supra-regional) approach to the strategic management of regions as regional socio-economic systems based on the conceptual organizational-managerial mechanism for their functioning and development. This approach should be aimed at achieving the planned supra-regional efficiency (socio-economic balance) using not-yet-manifested projected interregional synergetic and agglomeration effects from the use of interregional (national) infrastructure, scientifically based implementation of absolute and relative regional advantages in the process of determining and planning future regional specialization at the federal level, deployment and development of the territorial cores of intersectoral clusters serving as the starting points of growth for an optimally balanced crystal lattice of spatial development on the national scale, implementation of interregional interaction of expected quantity and quality, mathematically justified with allowance for the needs of interregional and intersectoral exchange, intra- and intersystem structures, elements, communicative relationships, dynamics and stages of the life cycle of industries, organizations, the ability to adapt to changes in the external environment of the regions included in the system.
Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on Russian education at different levels.
Tasks. The authors consider the specific features of distance learning at different levels of education: general, vocational, and extended; identify the positive and negative effects of modern information technologies on the organization and results of education.
Methods. This article uses general scientific methods of cognition, including analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy.
Results. The major problems that arose during the mass introduction of innovative technologies at educational institutions during the pandemic and the positive results of their application are identified. Despite the ambiguous attitude to distance learning, this format has certain positive aspects due to the modernization of the educational process.
Conclusions. Digital technologies open up additional opportunities for personal development and self-improvement, giving access to information, digital tools, materials, and services. They make it possible to transfer the interaction between students and the academic staff to a new level, expand opportunities for self-check, improve motivation, and increase interest in gaining knowledge.
Aim. The presented study aims to identify key factors affecting the macroeconomic situation in the EAEU countries and Tajikistan (hereinafter referred to as the region) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Tasks. This study summarizes trends in the development of the neighborhood belt countries in recent years; investigates changes in the real, monetary, fiscal, and external sectors of the economies caused by the spread of COVID-19; identifies the vulnerability factors of the countries in the region and key trends in responding to the crisis and post-crisis recovery.
Methods. To investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the macroeconomic situation in the neighborhood belt countries, the authors analyze the dynamics of major macroeconomic indicators characterizing the state of the real, monetary, external, and fiscal sectors of the economies under consideration.
Results. The macroeconomic situation in the neighborhood belt countries at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and during the post-crisis recovery is largely similar. The effects of the pandemic include sharp depreciation of national currencies, increased budget deficits, and increased national debt. Post-crisis recovery in the region is characterized by persistent risks to fiscal and debt sustainability and the effect of pro-inflationary factors.
Conclusions. Despite the consistent post-crisis recovery of the neighborhood belt countries, sustainable growth is still threatened by the possible deterioration of the epidemiological situation, national budget deficit, high level of national debt, and increasing inflationary pressure. Macroeconomic policy in the countries of the region can be improved by enhancing the macroeconomic forecasting system and applying budget rules for managing budget and debt risks.
Aim. The presented study aims to analyze quality-of-life estimates obtained for St. Petersburg using a theoretical and methodological approach developed based on the concept of the qualitydriven economy.
Tasks. The authors consider the concept of the quality of life in the context of the Strategy of socio-economic development of St. Petersburg until 2035; measure and analyze quality-of-life indicators based on the concept of the quality-driven economy.
Methods. A major part of this study is based on the methodology of the general scientific philosophical approach and uses such methods of interdisciplinary research as modeling, system analysis, and others. The quality of life is measured on the theoretical and methodological basis of the quality-driven economy using the methodology developed at the Institute of Problems of Regional Economics (IPRE) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Results. Ensuring a high quality of life for the population of the region is a priority goal of the functioning and development of the economy of St. Petersburg. To this end, it is crucial to use strategic opportunities for economic growth and regional development in achieving the social well-being of the region’s population. Different views on the understanding of the quality of life as the main strategic priority of the innovative development of St. Petersburg are analyzed, and quality-of-life estimates are obtained for St. Petersburg, the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD), and the Russian Federation as a whole. The role of St. Petersburg in enhancing the competitiveness of the economy of the Northwestern Federal District and Russia in the context of innovative development is shown.
Conclusions. Quality of life is an integral part of the strategic planning system in the innovative economy of St. Petersburg. The quality-driven economy provides a reliable theoretical and methodological basis for making allowance for the quality of life at the highest levels of regional government. The analysis based on the results of calculations shows a correlation between the system of quality indicators of the methodology for measuring the quality of life to increase regional management efficiency developed at the IPRE RAS and several indicators of the strategic planning system of socioeconomic development in St. Petersburg. Thus, the application of quality-driven economy principles in the innovative economy of St. Petersburg makes it possible not only to set the initial conditions for achieving the necessary quality of life, but also to develop a mechanism that would ensure the achievement of this goal in the future.
Aim. The presented study aims to examine strategic principles for developing regional strategic priorities with allowance for the alignment of global and national interests.
Tasks. The authors define the role of the alignment of interests in the development of regional strategies; determine the global interests of the United Nations (UN), the International Labour Organization, and the national interests of Russia, which should be taken into account when formulating strategic priorities for regional development.
Methods. This study uses the theory and methodology of strategizing developed by academician V.L. Kvint to describe strategic principles for developing regional strategic priorities with allowance for the alignment of global and national interests. Applied research is conducted through the example of Kuzbass.
Results. The conceptual framework for substantiating the strategic priorities of regional development is determined as a result of the alignment of global, national and regional interests based on relevant trends. It is shown how the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the initiative of the Global Commission on the Future of Work, national goals, and strategic objectives for the development of the Russian Federation are reflected in the strategic contours of Kuzbass development until 2035 and beyond.
Conclusions. When developing strategic priorities, aligned interests of all parties — from global to personal — make it easier to achieve a positive multiplier effect, increasing the effectiveness of initiatives and satisfaction of performers. Conflicting interests may lead to opportunistic behavior, a ban on holding any events, inefficient use of rare limited resources, and loss of confidence among performers in the implementation of their initiatives. Inconsistency with global and national interests may lead to sanctions, economic and political warfare.
Aim. The presented study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic development and the specific features of its manifestation in national economic systems; to examine approaches to selecting areas for correctional funding and the tools for making related management decisions, including emergency decisions.
Tasks. To achieve the set aim, the authors investigate the effects of coronavirus and the dynamics of the underlying economic indicators, the types, depth, and duration of coronavirus cycles, directions and volumes of correctional funding, as well as management tools for making correctional management decisions during short and long periods of uncertainty.
Methods. This study is based on factor analysis in the context of the institutional economy. Content analysis is used in attracting publications on the assessment of financial losses during post-pandemic development.
Results. The authors propose an approach to assessing the effects of the pandemic, which include post-pandemic losses and correctional management decisions, including emergency budget decisions. The tools of correctional funding include insurance and non-insurance measures aimed at supporting the population and the business, aggregate supply and demand, consumption and investment. The wave dynamics of the effects of the pandemic are investigated according to the V-cycle, W-cycle, and L-cycle scenario.
Conclusions. The need to expand the scope of examination of the economic development model with allowance for the non-economic factor of the coronavirus pandemic in the framework of institutional analysis is substantiated. Correctional funding is considered as an effect of the coronavirus pandemic along with the deteriorating quality of human capital and decreasing labor productivity. The specific wave dynamics of the coronavirus trace are confirmed, unrelated to problems in the financial market or the real estate market.