The modern problems of implementation and expansion of Islamic banking are highly relevant due to the increasing share of the Muslim population in the United States and European countries, and the growing demand for financial services compliant with the Sharia law. The banking and financial services currently provided by the Muslim industry has aroused some interest, and find themselvesin great demand among both Muslim and non-Muslim populations. Therefore, financial analysts have explicitly defined the problem of successfully integrating the principles and norms of Islamic banks into the traditional financial system. Rapid growth of the Islamic financial industry on the global scale substantiates the feasibility of its implementation in Azerbaijan. Aim. The present study aims to examine the theoretical framework of Islamic banking, analyze the problem of expanding Islamic banking at the new stage of economic globalization, and presents basic recommendations and suggestions related to the implementation of Islamic practices in Azerbaijan’s banking system. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the banking sector in the regions participating in the project of Islamic banking implementation. Information for the purposes of the study is obtained from the official websites of Turkish partner banks. Results. The dynamic international expansion of the Islamic economic model has prompted the scientific and economic community to declare that it is necessary to integrate its laws and principles into the existing financial model, which will undoubtedly keep critical situations to a minimum, thus allowing for a secure financial system. In-depth examination of the banking sector in the regions focused on pioneering in implementing Islamic banking reveals a number of problems and prospects in this field. First, robust market conditions provide real opportunities for the adaptation of the basic principles of Islamic banking. Second, training of skilled personnel in the field of Islamic banking facilitates the formation of tactical and strategic plans for the development f financial institutions. Conclusion. The Islamic model, which focuses on regulation of the banking business, has a number of specific features that facilitate the formation and expansion of banking and financial markets. Therefore, practical application of the specific features of the implemented business model that lies at the core of Islamic banking should be viewed as a promising direction for solving the problem of generating innovative banking products and services and improvement of the foundations of the modern banking practices through the diversification of risks between the participants of economic relationships.

The present study compiles a list of criteria for determining the level of attractiveness of a northern city for the able-bodied population. Aim. The study aims to identify factors that determine the attractiveness of a northern city for the population and compiles a list of criteria pertaining to itsattractiveness. Tasks. The authors identify the key factors that determine the attractiveness of a northern city through a sociological survey of various population groups, compilinga list of criteria of attractiveness of a northern city for the population, and determiningthe impact of landscaping on the attractiveness of a northern city. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the sociodemographic situation in Magadan in various aspects and determine the level of attractiveness of this northern city for the population. A quota sample survey is also used. It is shown that the residential population size in Magadan and the Magadan region is declining, and the key migration factors are identified. Results. The outflow of young able-bodied population from the northern regions is a crucial problem at the current stage of economic development in Russia. The characteristics of the living environment have a huge impact on the choice of the place of residence. Based on the results of a sociological survey of Magadan citizens, the attractiveness of this northern city and its fluctuations under the influence of various factors are assessed, along withthe key criteria that determine its level for different population strata and categories. The resultsobtainedmake it possible to determine the level of attractiveness for the population achieved by Magadan and identify ways of improving it. Conclusion. Improving the attractiveness of a territory both for business and the population is a task primarily for the regional and municipal authorities. It is necessary to develop a marketing strategy that focuses on improving the attractiveness of a territory for the population and facilitating its special features that would guarantee a competitive edge.

Vietnam is a rapidly developing country in Southeast Asia. Its success is due to a new economic policy aimed at the development of mixed economy nd trade with the world’s leading countries. Vietnam’s trade has become more efficient after the country’s entry into free trade zones. At first, Vietnam cooperated in free trade zones (FTZs) in a bilateral format, and then transitioned into the free trade zones of international associations. Under the current conditions of global instability and threats, trade in FTZs mitigates Vietnam’s risks and increases the number of its trading partners. Aim. The present study aims to analyze FTZs as well as the benefits and challenges of Vietnam’s participation in them. Methods. This study uses global efficiency assessments of participation in FTZs and efficiency assessments of Vietnam’s participation in them, based on data provided by the National Statistics Bureau of Vietnam and reports of the country’s sectoral ministries. Results. The authors present a comparative analysis of Vietnam’s participation in FTZs and conclude that Vietnam has focusedon participation in FTZs with developed East Asian countries, resulting in rapid growth of trade with these countries and Vietnam’s overall trade in the 21stCentury.

Goal. To substantiate the refined concept of yacht tourism infrastructure for its development on the basis of the cluster approach, taking into account the peculiarities of the domestic yachting, corresponding to world standards, and in the future - ahead of them. Tasks. To make classification of definitions of “tourism infrastructure”; to formulate the specified concept “infrastructure of yacht tourism”; to enter specifications understanding of categories and processes in the field of infrastructure of yacht tourism. Materials and methods. The author analyzes the official documents and existing scientific approaches to the definition of such concepts as infrastructure and yacht tourism infrastructure. New original provisions adequate to the objectives of this study and the tasks of yacht tourism development are proposed on the base of analytical tools. Results. The article presents new approaches to the definition of concepts in the sphere of yacht tourism, due to the urgency of solving problems in the development of yacht infrastructure and compliance with national standards. The place of yacht infrastructure in the structure of the recreation and life activity cluster on water bodies is specified. The author’s formulations of the terms «infrastructure of yacht tourism» and «floating refueling complex» are given.

The rapid progress in science and technology in the 21stCentury hassignificantly affected the global economy as a whole, and the manufacturing industry in particular. The economic power of a country is nowadays determined not so much by the volume of production as by the development of fundamentally new products and technologies. The main trend of the ongoing changes is industrial production becoming digital, “paperless,” smart, and customized. Aim. The present study aims to examine the conditions for the development of future markets with the purpose of identifying industrial growth areas. Tasks. The authors substantiate the urgency of the problem and experience of solving it; examine the prerequisites for the development of the National Technological Initiative of Russia (NTI); review international practices in the field of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) and Russian experience; study the specific aspects of the Technet roadmap; develop a production management model and symbiosis of the NTI with other public initiatives. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, comparative and statistical analysis to systematize the results of research regardingthe problem of identifying industrial growth areas based on analysis of the conditions for the development of future markets. Results. The authors prove that countries are currently initiating a new technological revolution in the form of national policy with the purpose of maintaining competitiveness and achieving high productivity. In Russia, such policy has manifested itself in the form of the National Technological Initiative. International practices in the field of AMT and Russian experience are reviewed. Market roadmaps of the National Technological Initiative are presented with an emphasis on the Technet NTI roadmap, which is intended for ensuring long-term global competitiveness of the Russian industry through the implementation of AMT. The authors conclude that project consortia would serve as the production management models of the future and provide examples of the application of a project consortium formation model. Conclusion. Examination of the conditions for the development of industrial growth areas makes it possible to examine the prerequisites for the development of the NTI; review international practices in the field of AMT and Russian experience; study the specific aspects of the Technet roadmap; development of a production management model and symbiosis of the NTI with other public initiatives.

The presented study examines the issues of competitive assessment of business structures in the context of economic instability. Aim. The study aims to develop an original algorithm for competitive assessment of business structures based on a modified dynamic method. Tasks. The authors identify key aspects of economic instability, examine the content of the dynamic method of competitive assessment, propose its modification whereby it takes into account the innovative potential of business structures, and develop an algorithm for the implementation of the proposed modified dynamic method. Methods. The study is based on the dialectical systems approach as well as logical, factorial, structural, comparative, and regression analysis using the theoretical framework ofeconomic processes. Results. The application of additional coefficients in the modified dynamic method makes it possible to consider the competitive potential, as well as the current state, of a business structure. Thus, the authors propose using the developed algorithm for determining the modified integrated competitiveness index of a business structure. Conclusions. The proposed modified dynamic method and the developed algorithm for competitive assessment make it possible to determine the integrated competitiveness index based on factors that reflect the current state of a business structure as well as its potential competitiveness.

The presented study determines economic indicators for building an import substitution model necessary for examining existing economic and political trends in Russia. Aim. The study aims to propose basic import substitution indicators that are important for the analysis of national economic growth. Tasks. The authors examine the existing approaches to modeling of national economic growth; develop economic indicators that can be used in building an import substitution model; analyze the dynamics of the major results of economic activity in Russia in 2010-2015; assess the development of the economic situation in the country. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition such as comparison, analysis, synthesis, and the monographic method. A balancing method with certain features of the Keynesian approach isused in composing equations and inequalities in government’s profit and expenditure. Results. Basic economic indicators of import substitution are proposed, namely: the share of domestic production increase in national income, the share of import change in the national income, and the difference between these two indicators. Calculation of the proposed indicators shows that the year 2015 was a period of crisis in Russia characterized by a decline in domestic production and consumption. At the same time, the economy prioritizes the continuously growing share of export and domestic investment, which is a sign of a belttightening policy - deferred consumption. Conclusion. The steps taken towards describing the mechanism of economic growth through import substitution provide a theoretical basis for departing from the currently implemented extensive resource-based model of national economic development. Considering the existing energy supply reserves and the global situation, the demand for such studies will only increase in the coming decades.

The present study makes a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of modernization of the Onego Shipbuilding Yard using modern digital technologies. Aim. This study aims to assess the potential of organizing flexible digital production at the Onego Shipbuilding Yard and extending the obtained experience to other shipyards. Tasks. The authors determine the current state of the subject of potential digitalization, map out a course of action aimed at organizing innovative digital production, and develop a prospective plan for the implementation of digital innovative production and management technologies, which includes a pre-project assessment of the subject ofpotentialdigitalization. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to develop a series of organizational and technological measures that determine and establish the compliance of the subject’s potentialwith the principal requirements set by standard and local conditions fortechnical guidance documents, economic efficiency, informational and technological security and stability. According to the results of the study, the authors prepare a protocol forassessment testing of the subject ofpotentialdigitalization; a list of technological, organizational, and informational solutions; results of calculations and conclusions based on the results of analysis and assessment of digitalization methods. Conclusion. Using the proposed analysis and assessment system, the authors develop an efficient prospective plan for the implementation of digital innovative production and management technologies, which involves pre-project assessment of the subject ofpotentialdigitalization and a series of measures for the implementation of technologies and production and management systems in accordance with the requirements to the input and output states of the subject.

The presented study examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of economic security as well as approaches to, and interpretations of, this concept. Aim. The study aims to explore the essence of economic security, its characteristics, levels, content, and control methods. Tasks. The authors provide a generalized definition of economic security, examine approaches, levels, classifications, and control methods, and identify specificthreats to the Russian economy. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to explore the essence of economic security by selecting definitions proposed by various authors and examining their approaches to interpret economic security. Results. The authors provide their own interpretation of economic security as a state of the economic system when it can respond to and effectively prevent any external and internal threats that are potentially hazardous. Individual elements of economic security are examined at the micro-, meso-, and macrolevel, and modern approaches to the conceptual framework are given. Conclusion. Examination of the concept of economic security and analysis of its essence, classification, and content make it possible not only to develop general examination approaches, but also to identify specific problems of methodological approaches,ensuringafavorable functioning of the economy.

The present study summarizes theoretical approaches to the examination and analysis of national economic structure. Aim. The study aims to summarize the definitions of economic structure with the purpose of determining the essence of national economic structure and means of its optimization. Tasks. The authors examine various approaches to the definition of economic structure, analyze the existing theories on the interpretation of national economics, and identify key elements of economic structures. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine various approaches to the definition of national economic structure in different aspects and identify the specific features of the key elements of economic structure. Results. The economy of any country is an interconnected system of various enterprises and companies, industries and sectors of the national economy. All these elements are hierarchically structured, serving as subsystems for a higher level system-the national economy. One of the main characteristics of the national economy is its structure, which involves a complex, historically developed category that characterizes the socio-economic relations within the society. It is this structure that determines the specifics of economic functioning and makes it possible to assess the level of the population’s well-being. Conclusion. Studying the issue of national economic structure and its elements is crucial, since it affects a country’s economic security and reflects various macroeconomic imbalances of itsnational economic system.