Modeling the system of interaction of actors of innovative activity in the context of the formation of an innovative industrial cluster (in Russia and China)

Aim. The work aimed to reveal the features of the proposed model and formulate recommendations for the generation of a system of interaction between innovation actors in Russia and China, as well as to identify the relationships between the intensity of interaction between participants and the effectiveness of clusters using the example of these two countries.
Objectives. The work seeks to perform a comparative analysis of the models of interaction between participants in innovation clusters in Russia and China; to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the institutional environment in these countries.
Methods. The study employed comparative analysis and synthesis to identify the features of the national approach, the main factors influencing the effectiveness of interaction and the author’s model development; empirical data were collected and processed, including expert surveys, analytical reports, and regulations governing cluster interaction.
Results. A model is presented and evaluated, that takes into account the features of the tripartite interaction of actors (government, scientific, business structures) and their relationships, with highlighted national differences in the institutional environment. It is proposed to develop a digital platform in Russia, similar to those that are actively used in China, for uniting participants. This digital platform consists of several modules, namely project management, big data analytics, AI-based partner search, and performance monitoring. Adaptive mechanisms (mediation module) can enhance the sustainability of clusters. Practical recommendations in the article also include measures to improve coordination, borrow best practices, and develop strategies adapted to the specifics of each country.
Conclusions. The model developed and comparative analysis of the innovative specifics of Russia and China indicate that effective cluster management requires a deep understanding of the institutional context and the use of adaptive network modeling tools. These results set the vector for transforming cluster policy in both countries in the context of the new technological actuality. The analyzed experience showed that Russia needs to strengthen coordination by creating a national platform that includes all actors of innovative interaction. China needs to focus on developing self-organization of cluster participants and reducing administrative barriers.

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