Differentiation of Rural Areas: Background and the Role of Investment

This study examines the impact of uneven distribution of capital investment between municipal entities on the differentiation of rural area development. Aim. This study aims to test a scientific hypothesis for the differentiation of rural area development under the influence of localization of capital investment in a limited number of rural settlements and the impact of the close proximity of municipal district centers and centers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on this process. Tasks. This study considers the specific aspects of capital investment distribution between rural areas across all economic levels, examines the localization of investment in rural settlements within municipal districts through the example of the North-West federal district, and tests a scientific hypothesis for the impact of municipal district centers and centers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on investment localization. Methods. This study uses a typological approach, clustering method, Lorenz curve plotting, and localization index computation. Results. The distribution of capital investment between the rural areas in the North-West federal district is uneven. The differentiation is more pronounced between first-level municipal entities, where the investment is localized in a limited number of rural settlements. Under the influence of market mechanisms, investment is localized in the areas near municipal district centers and centers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have higher rental potential due to their location, which confirms the tested scientific hypothesis. Conclusion. Governing bodies of all levels should pay attention and produce regulatory mechanisms aimed at smoothing the irregularities in investment distribution. Otherwise, the existing resource potential of the emerging rural areas will fall out of economic turnover with all ensuing negative effects. When making managerial decisions, federal authorities should use data on the differentiation of rural areas not only at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, but also at the level of federal entities. Failing this, the existing insufficiency of information will make it impossible to make informed strategic decisions.

сельские территории, инвестиции, дифференциация, локализация, муниципальный район, сельское поселение, rural areas, investment, differentiation, localization, municipal district, rural settlement

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