<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emjume</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика и управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics and Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1627</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-7984</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбУТУиЭ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35854/1998-1627-2019-11-33-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">emjume-762</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL PROBLEMS DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние применения единого таможенного тарифа на армянский экспорт ограненных и полированных драгоценных камней в Россию</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of applying the Common Customs Tariff on the armenian export of Cut and Polished Gems to Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арутюнян</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Harutyunyan</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арутюнян Владимир Липаритович – директор, доктор экономических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент НАН РА</p><p>0015, Республика Армения, г. Ереван, ул. Григора Лусаворича, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir L. Harutyunyan</p><p>Grigor Lusavorich Str. 15, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia, 0015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дохолян</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dokholyan</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дохолян Сергей Владимирович – главный научный сотрудник, доктор экономических наук, профессор</p><p>367030, г.Махачкала, ул. Ярагского, д. 75</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Dokholyan</p><p>Yаragskogo Str. 75, Makhachkala, Russian Federation, 367030</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergsvd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарян</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makaryan</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарян Анна Рузвельтовна – научный сотрудник, кандидат экономических наук</p><p>0015, Республика Армения, г. Ереван, ул. Григора Лусаворича, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna R. Makaryan</p><p>Grigor Lusavorich Str. 15, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia, 0015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики им. М. Котаняна Национальной академии наук Республики Армения</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics named after M. Kotanyan of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт социально-экономических исследований Дагестанского научного центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Social and Economic Research Dagestan Scientific Center (Makhachkala), Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Арутюнян В.Л., Дохолян С.В., Макарян А.Р., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Арутюнян В.Л., Дохолян С.В., Макарян А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Harutyunyan V.L., Dokholyan S.V., Makaryan A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/762">https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/762</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с применением ставок Единого таможенного тарифа (ЕТТ) Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) на необработанные алмазы, и их влияние на экспорт ограненных и полированных в Армении камней в Россию.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить возможные стратегии, к которым прибегнут армянские компании, занимающиеся огранкой и полировкой алмазов в связи с переходом на ставки ЕТТ на необработанные алмазы; оценить, как это повлияет на экспорт в различные страны, в частности в Россию.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи. Авторы анализируют современное состояние сектора производства драгоценных камней и ювелирных изделий и обосновывают необходимость либо его интеграции в сектор ювелирного производства, либо применения стратегий для стимулирования экспорта продукции в Россию или другие страны в среднесрочной перспективе в ответ на применение ставок ЕTT ЕАЭС.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. Исследование построено на основе общий научных методов познания, включая аналитический, методологический и элементы прогнозирования. С помощью аналитического метода исследования, прогнозов в разрезе анализа тенденций армянского сектора обработки драгоценных камней и ювелирных изделий, глобальных тенденций; статистических данных импорта и экспорта ограненных и полированных драгоценных камней, а также ювелирных изделий за 2014–2018 гг., опубликованных UN Comtrade Statistics, были выявлены возможные стратегии, к которым могут прибегнуть армянские компании, занимающиеся огранкой и полировкой алмазов, в среднесрочной перспективе в ответ на применение ставок CCT ЕАЭС. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показатели экспорта обработанных алмазов с 2014 по 2018 г. указывают на проблему, связанную с потерей конкурентоспособности армянских компаний (по сравнению преимущественно с индийскими огранщиками алмазов). Основные глобальные тенденции в деятельности по огранке и полировке алмазов говорят о том, что армянским огранщикам и полировщикам практически невозможно будет конкурировать с индийскими компаниями в среднесрочной перспективе, если они не будут инвестировать в новые технологии для достижения операционной эффективности; для этих компаний важно не потерять российский рынок из-за повышения тарифной ставки и сосредоточиться на переработке драгоценных камней размером более 1 карата. Еще одна стратегия, позволяющая избежать повышения ставок таможенных тарифов, будет зависеть от возможности правительства Армении вести переговоры с Россией о прямом импорте алмазов от российских производителей. Два других варианта развития для армянских огранщиков заключаются в том, чтобы компании сфокусировались на огранке и полировке рубинов, сапфиров, изумрудов идр.; или интегрировались в сектор по производству ювелирных изделий либо будучи основным поставщиком, либо рассматривая этот бизнес как канал для продажи обработанных бриллиантовых камней путем создания собственных компаний по производству ювелирных изделий.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Поскольку CCT вступает в силу в январе 2021 г., а Индия играет доминирующую в мире роль в огранке и полировке алмазов, Армении необходимо тщательно рассмотреть все описанные выше варианты стратегий, которые армянские компании могли бы выбрать. Являясь государством — членом ЕАЭС, Армения свободно экспортирует товары в Россию, однако в дальнейшем экспорт в Россию будет зависеть от способности Армении обеспечить проведение экономически эффективных мер, сконцентрироваться на обработке драгоценных камней, а не алмазов, или перейти на производство ювелирных изделий в качестве основной продукции, предназначенной для экспорта.</p><p>Практическое применение результатов. Выводы авторов статьи могут представлять интерес как для Министерства экономики Республики Армения, так и для «Бизнесс Армении». Они могут быть использованы при разработке стратегии развития сектора по обработке драгоценных камней и производству ювелирных изделий Армении.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The presented study discusses the issues of applying the Common Customs Tariff (CCT) rates of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) on rough diamonds and the impact thereof on the exports of stones cut and polished inArmeniaand then exported toRussia.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The study aims to identify the possible strategies Armenian diamond cutting and polishing companies could adopt as a response to the application of the CCT rates on rough diamonds and how it would affect exports to various destinations, namely to Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Tasks</title><p>Tasks. The authors analyze the current state of the gems and jewelry sector and substantiate the need to either integrate it into the jewelry manufacturing sector or to apply various strategies to facilitate exports to either Russia or other destinations in the medium term in response to the application of the CCT rates.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, including analytical and methodological approaches and elements of forecasting. Possible strategies the Armenian diamond cutting and polishing companies could adopt in the medium term in response to the application of the EAEU CCT rates are determined using the analytical research method, forecasts in the context of the developments in the Armenian gem processing and jewelry market and global trends, statistical data on the imports and exports of cut and polished gems and jewelry for 2014–2018 published by the UN Comtrade Statistics.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Statistics on the exports of processed diamonds from 2014 to 2018 highlights the issue associated with the loss of competitiveness suffered by Armenian companies (mainly in comparison with Indian diamond cutters). The major global trends in the diamond cutting and polishing business indicate that it could be virtually impossible for Armenian cutters and polishers to compete with Indian companies in the medium term if they do not comes to investing in new technology to achieve operational efficiency. For these companies, it is important not to lose the Russian market due to an increase in the tariff rate and concentrate on the processing of gems that are larger than 1 carat. Another strategy to avoid an increase in the customs tariff rates would depend on the Armenian government’s ability to negotiate with Russia in respect of direct imports of diamond stones from Russian manufactures. Two other options for Armenian cutters involve focusing on cutting and polishing of rubies, sapphires, emeralds, etc. or integrating into the jewelry sector either by being the primary supplier or by considering this business as a channel to sell processed diamond stones by setting up their own jewelry manufacturing companies.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. With CCT going into effect in January 2021 and India’s dominant role in the diamond cutting and polishing business, Armenia needs to carefully consider all of the strategies the Armenian companies could adopt, as discussed above. As a member state of the EAEU, Armenia freely exports to Russia, however, further exports to Russia would depend on Armenia’s ability to ensure that cost-effective operations are in place, or to concentrate on the processing of precious gems rather than diamonds, or to switch to the manufacturing of jewelry items as a major export item.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical Implication</title><p>Practical Implication. The findings of this study could be of interest to the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia and Business Armenia that could be used in elaborating the strategy for the development of Armenian gems and jewelry sector of the economy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Единый таможенный тариф</kwd><kwd>ограненные и полированные драгоценные камни</kwd><kwd>ювелирные изделия</kwd><kwd>экспорт</kwd><kwd>Армения</kwd><kwd>ЕАЭС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Common Customs Tariff</kwd><kwd>cut and polished gems</kwd><kwd>jewelry</kwd><kwd>export</kwd><kwd>Armenia</kwd><kwd>EAEU</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dreger C., Herzer D. A further examination of the export-led growth hypothesis. Empirical Economics. 2013;45(1):39-60. DOI: 10.1007/s00181-012-0602-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dreger C., Herzer D. A further examination of the export-led growth hypothesis. Empirical Economics. 2013;45(1):39-60. DOI: 10.1007/s00181-012-0602-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Çetintaş H., Barişik S. Export, import and economic growth: The case of transition economies. Transition Studies Review. 2009;15(4):636-649. DOI: 10.1007/s11300-008-0043-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Çetintaş H., Barişik S. Export, import and economic growth: The case of transition economies. Transition Studies Review. 2009;15(4):636-649. DOI: 10.1007/s11300-008-0043-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenaway D., Morgan W., Wright P. Exports, export composition and growth. The Journal of International Trade &amp; Economic Development: An International and Comparative Review. 1999; 8(1):41-51, DOI: 10.1080/09638199900000004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenaway D., Morgan W., Wright P. Exports, export composition and growth. The Journal of International Trade &amp; Economic Development: An International and Comparative Review. 1999; 8(1):41-51, DOI: 10.1080/09638199900000004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dokholyan S. V., Sargsyan L. N. Is the export-oriented growth hypothesis valid for Armenia? Ekonomika i upravlenie = Economics and Management. 2019;(2):4-11. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dokholyan S. V., Sargsyan L. N. Is the export-oriented growth hypothesis valid for Armenia? Ekonomika i upravlenie = Economics and Management. 2019;(2):4-11. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armenia competitiveness assessment report, submitted to USAID/Yerevan, under Contract No. PCE-I-837-98-00016-00. Nathan Associates Inc. &amp; J.E. Austin Associates Inc. June 2004. URL: https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADD292.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armenia competitiveness assessment report, submitted to USAID/Yerevan, under Contract No. PCE-I-837-98-00016-00. Nathan Associates Inc. &amp; J.E. Austin Associates Inc. June 2004. URL: https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADD292.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hergnyan M., Makaryan A. The role of the diaspora in generating foreign direct investments in Armenia. Armenian Journal of Public Policy. 2007;2(2):259-294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hergnyan M., Makaryan A. The role of the diaspora in generating foreign direct investments in Armenia. Armenian Journal of Public Policy. 2007;2(2):259-294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UN Comtrade Database. United Nations Statistics Division. URL: https://comtrade.un.org/ data/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UN Comtrade Database. United Nations Statistics Division. URL: https://comtrade.un.org/ data/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Common Customs Tariff of the Eurasian Economic Union, approved by Decision No. 54 of the EEC Council dated July 16, 2012 (as amended by Decision No. 101 of the EEC Council of October 18, 2016). URL: http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/act/trade/catr/ett/Pages/default.aspx (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Common Customs Tariff of the Eurasian Economic Union, approved by Decision No. 54 of the EEC Council dated July 16, 2012 (as amended by Decision No. 101 of the EEC Council of October 18, 2016). URL: http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/act/trade/catr/ett/Pages/default.aspx (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Annex 4 (List of goods and rates in respect of which, during the transitional period, the Republic of Armenia shall apply the import customs duties rates, other than the Common Customs Tariff rates of the Eurasian Economic Union) to the Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Armenia to the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of May 29, 2014 (adopted October 10, 2014). URL: https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/en-us/0017354/itia_11102014_doc.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Annex 4 (List of goods and rates in respect of which, during the transitional period, the Republic of Armenia shall apply the import customs duties rates, other than the Common Customs Tariff rates of the Eurasian Economic Union) to the Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Armenia to the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of May 29, 2014 (adopted October 10, 2014). URL: https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/en-us/0017354/itia_11102014_doc.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trošt M., Bojnec Š. Export-led growth: The case of the Slovenian and Estonian economies. PostCommunist Economies. 2016;28(3):373-383. DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1184425</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trošt M., Bojnec Š. Export-led growth: The case of the Slovenian and Estonian economies. PostCommunist Economies. 2016;28(3):373-383. DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2016.1184425</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hye Q. M. A., Wizarat S., Lau W.-Y. Trade-led growth hypothesis: An empirical analysis of South Asian countries. Economic Modelling. 2013;35:654-660. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013. 07.040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hye Q. M. A., Wizarat S., Lau W.-Y. Trade-led growth hypothesis: An empirical analysis of South Asian countries. Economic Modelling. 2013;35:654-660. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013. 07.040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kristjanpoller W. R., Olson J. E. Economic growth in Latin American countries: Is it based on export-led or import-led growth? Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. 2014;50(sup. 1):6-20. DOI: 10.2753/REE1540-496x5001S101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kristjanpoller W. R., Olson J. E. Economic growth in Latin American countries: Is it based on export-led or import-led growth? Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. 2014;50(sup. 1):6-20. DOI: 10.2753/REE1540-496x5001S101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang C. F., Lai Y. W., Ozturk I. How stable is the export-led growth hypothesis? Evidence from Asia’s Four Little Dragons. Economic Modelling. 2015;44:229-235. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2014. 09.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang C. F., Lai Y. W., Ozturk I. How stable is the export-led growth hypothesis? Evidence from Asia’s Four Little Dragons. Economic Modelling. 2015;44:229-235. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2014. 09.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ee C. Y. Export-led growth hypothesis: Empirical evidence from selected sub-Saharan African countries. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2016;35:232-240. DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00029-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ee C. Y. Export-led growth hypothesis: Empirical evidence from selected sub-Saharan African countries. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2016;35:232-240. DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00029-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sağlam Y., Egeli H. A. A comparison of domestic demand and export-led growth strategies for European transition economies. Foreign Trade Review. 2018;53(3):156-173. DOI: 10.1177/ 0015732517734755.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sağlam Y., Egeli H. A. A comparison of domestic demand and export-led growth strategies for European transition economies. Foreign Trade Review. 2018;53(3):156-173. DOI: 10.1177/ 0015732517734755.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rani R., Kumar N. Is there an exportor import-led growth in BRICS countries? An empirical investigation. Jindal Journal of Business Research. 2018;7(1):13-23. DOI: 10.1177/2278682118761748.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rani R., Kumar N. Is there an exportor import-led growth in BRICS countries? An empirical investigation. Jindal Journal of Business Research. 2018;7(1):13-23. DOI: 10.1177/2278682118761748.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shoghakn diamond cutting company to open training center. ARKA News Agency. Nov. 25, 2016. URL: http://arka.am/en/news/business/shoghakn_diamond_cutting_company_to_open_training_center/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shoghakn diamond cutting company to open training center. ARKA News Agency. Nov. 25, 2016. URL: http://arka.am/en/news/business/shoghakn_diamond_cutting_company_to_open_training_center/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Further growth recorded in Armenian diamond Industry. Aazatutyun Radio. Aug. 9, 2017. URL: https://www.azatutyun.am/a/28667420.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Further growth recorded in Armenian diamond Industry. Aazatutyun Radio. Aug. 9, 2017. URL: https://www.azatutyun.am/a/28667420.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gziryan A. Armenia’s Kotayk province eyes becoming major diamond industry center. Armenpress. March 6, 2019. URL: https://armenpress.am/eng/news/966487.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gziryan A. Armenia’s Kotayk province eyes becoming major diamond industry center. Armenpress. March 6, 2019. URL: https://armenpress.am/eng/news/966487.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The global diamond industry 2015: Growth perspectives amid short-term challenges. Boston, MA: Bain &amp; Company, Inc.; 2015. 40 p. URL: https://www.awdc.be/sites/awdc2016/ficuments/BAIN%202015%20The%20Global%20Diamond%20Report%202015%20Growth%20perspectives%20amid%20short-term%20challenges.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The global diamond industry 2015: Growth perspectives amid short-term challenges. Boston, MA: Bain &amp; Company, Inc.; 2015. 40 p. URL: https://www.awdc.be/sites/awdc2016/ficuments/BAIN%202015%20The%20Global%20Diamond%20Report%202015%20Growth%20perspectives%20amid%20short-term%20challenges.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The global diamond industry 2016: The enduring allure of timeless gems. Boston, MA: Bain &amp; Company, Inc.; 2016. 46 p. URL: https://www.bain.com/contentassets/9b90201a6a764af88ad06f21cca3f273/bain_diamond_report_2016.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The global diamond industry 2016: The enduring allure of timeless gems. Boston, MA: Bain &amp; Company, Inc.; 2016. 46 p. URL: https://www.bain.com/contentassets/9b90201a6a764af88ad06f21cca3f273/bain_diamond_report_2016.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The global diamond industry 2017: The enduring story in a changing world. Boston, MA: Bain &amp; Company, Inc.; 2017. 40 p. URL: https://www.awdc.be/sites/awdc2016/ficuments/The%20Global%20Diamond%20Industry%202017%20-%20The%20enduring%20story%20in%20a%20changing%20world.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The global diamond industry 2017: The enduring story in a changing world. Boston, MA: Bain &amp; Company, Inc.; 2017. 40 p. URL: https://www.awdc.be/sites/awdc2016/ficuments/The%20Global%20Diamond%20Industry%202017%20-%20The%20enduring%20story%20in%20a%20changing%20world.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The global diamond industry 2018: A resilient industry shines through. Boston, MA: Bain &amp; Company, Inc.; 2018. 43 p. URL: https://www.bain.com/contentassets/a53a9fa8bf5247a3b7bb0b10561510c2/bain_diamond_report_2018.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The global diamond industry 2018: A resilient industry shines through. Boston, MA: Bain &amp; Company, Inc.; 2018. 43 p. URL: https://www.bain.com/contentassets/a53a9fa8bf5247a3b7bb0b10561510c2/bain_diamond_report_2018.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubai’s diamond gateway: Certified for security, quality and responsible stewardship. DMCC. 2019. URL:https://www.dmcc.ae/gateway-to-trade/commodities/diamonds.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubai’s diamond gateway: Certified for security, quality and responsible stewardship. DMCC. 2019. URL:https://www.dmcc.ae/gateway-to-trade/commodities/diamonds.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
