emjumeЭкономика и управлениеEconomics and Management1998-16273033-7984СПбУТУиЭ10.35854/1998-1627-2019-6-4-15emjume-650Research ArticleАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИACTUAL PROBLEMS DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICSВлияние санкций на внешнюю торговлю КНДР с точки зрения теории сравнительных преимуществThe Impact of Sanctions on North Korea’s Foreign Trade from the Perspective of the Comparative Advantage TheoryКоргунИ. А.KorgunI. A.

старший научный сотрудник

117218, Москва, Нахимовский пр., д. 32

Nakhimovskiy Ave 32, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117218

irinakorgun@yandex.ruТолораяГ. Д.TolorayaG. D.

заведующий,

доктор экономических наук, профессор

117218, Москва, Нахимовский пр., д. 32

Nakhimovskiy Ave 32, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117218

Центр российской стратегии в Азии Института экономики РАНРоссияCenter of the Russian Strategy in Asia of Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Science (Moscow)Russian Federation20192708201906415Copyright © Коргун И.А., Толорая Г.Д., 20192019Коргун И.А., Толорая Г.Д.Korgun I.A., Toloraya G.D.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/650

Исследование направлено на анализ возможностей реализации КНДР конкурентных преимуществ во внешней торговле в условиях санкций.Цель. Выявить механизмы, позволяющие КНДР вести внешнюю торговлю в обход санкций ООН, и проанализировать, как это влияет на национальную экономику.Задачи. Провести анализ структуры национального хозяйства КНДР и оценить исходные конкурентные преимущества; выявить особенности внешней торговли КНДР в условиях санкций; определить последствия для национальной экономики незаконной торговли в обход санкций.Методология. В статье применен междисциплинарный подход, объединяющий классическую теорию сравнительных преимуществ и концепцию погони за рентой, а также системные методы анализа внешнеторговых потоков.Результат. В исследовании продемонстрировано, что, несмотря на наличие ограничений в виде санкций, Северная Корея стремится реализовывать свои преимущества в ресурсообеспеченности и дешевой рабочей силе в мировой торговле. Она выстраивает собственные экспортно-импортные цепочки в обход санкций. Эти цепочки довольно мобильны и гибки и контролируются элитами. В итоге выгоды от торговли, которые могли бы более равномерно распределяться среди населения, концентрируются среди узкой прослойки населения. «Погоня за рентой» позволила сформулировать негативные последствия указанных процессов для экономики КНДР и мирового сообщества.Выводы. Для решения северокорейского вопроса необходимо запустить процесс экономической трансформации страны посредством смены ограничительных санкций на более конструктивные. Исключение КНДР из открытой мировой торговли ведет к маргинализации государства и наносит урон прозрачности мировых товарных потоков.

The presented study analyzes the opportunities for North Korea to capitalize on its competitive advantages in foreign trade in the context of sanctions.Aim. The study aims to identify mechanisms that allow North Korea to engage in foreign trade in circumvention of UN sanctions and to analyze their impact on the national economy.Tasks. The authors analyze the structure of North Korea’s national economy, its initial competitive advantage, identify the specific features of North Korea’s foreign trade in the context of sanctions, and determine the consequences of illicit trade in circumvention of sanctions for the national economy.Methods. This study uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines the classical theory of competitive advantage with the concept of rent seeking, with the concept of rent seeking and analysis of trade flows.Results. The study shows that, despite the restrictions imposed by sanctions, North Korea strives to make the most of its advantages, such as resource availability and cheap labor, in global trade. The country builds its own export-import chains in circumvention of sanctions. These chains are rather mobile, flexible, and controlled by the elite. As a result, benefits from trade that could be evenly distributed among the population are concentrated in the hands of a narrow segment of society. ‘Rent seeking’ makes it possible to formulate the negative consequences of these processes for the North Korean economy and the international community.Conclusions. Solving the North Korean issue requires an economic transformation in the country through the replacement of restrictive sanctions with more constructive ones. The exclusion of North Korea from open global trade leads to the country’s marginalization and impairs the transparency of international commodity flows.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.