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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emjume</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика и управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics and Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1627</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-7984</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбУТУиЭ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35854/1998-1627-2025-3-282-290</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">emjume-2436</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы инвестиционного климата в странах с нестабильной политической ситуацией (на примере Афганистана)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investment climate factors in countries with a fragile political situation (using Afghanistan as an example)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-3649</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колганова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolganova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Викторовна Колганова, кандидат экономических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры</p><p>экономический факультет; кафедра менеджмента</p><p>117198; Миклухо-Маклая ул., д. 6; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Kolganova, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor,Associate Professor at the Department</p><p>Faculty of Economics; Department of Management</p><p>117198; 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolganova-ev@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-4642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латиф</surname><given-names>Фархад Мир Абдул</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Latif</surname><given-names>Farhad Mir Abdul</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p><p>117198; Миклухо-Маклая ул., д. 6; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student</p><p>117198; 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1042225081@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>282</fpage><lpage>290</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колганова Е.В., Латиф Ф.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колганова Е.В., Латиф Ф.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolganova E.V., Latif F.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2436">https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2436</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель. Классифицировать и проанализировать основные факторы, определяющие инвестиционный климат стран с нестабильной политической ситуацией на примере Афганистана, который переживает длительный период политической нестабильности, а в настоящее время находится в процессе значительных политических и экономических преобразований.</p></sec><sec><title>   Задачи</title><p>   Задачи. Выявить главные факторы, определяющие инвестиционный климат в Афганистане как государстве с нестабильной политической ситуацией; проанализировать выявленные факторы и выделить наиболее проблемные области; охарактеризовать направления совершенствования инвестиционного климата в Афганистане в условиях политической нестабильности.</p></sec><sec><title>   Методология</title><p>   Методология. Авторами использован качественный метод исследования, в частности тематический анализ, для сбора и анализа данных с целью изучения инвестиционных возможностей и проблем в контролируемом Талибаном* Афганистане.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Применительно к факторам инвестиционного климата сделан ряд выводов. Политика современного правительства Афганистана в отношении прямых иностранных инвестиций (ПИИ) четко не определена, правовые вопросы также не урегулированы. Несмотря на это, правительство нацелено на развитие двусторонних отношений в аспекте отдельных инвестиционных соглашений; относительно промышленной политики правительство Афганистана не устанавливает ограничений для деятельности иностранных компаний, при этом защита прав собственности и урегулирование прав интеллектуальной собственности находятся на низком уровне, а также высок уровень коррупции. Афганистан уделяет значительное внимание стабилизации финансовой политики и развитию государственных предприятий, однако сегодня это не приносит значимых результатов. Социально-демографическая политика Афганистана не способствует развитию трудовых ресурсов. Во всех сферах давление санкций на страну видится очень существенным. В таких условиях улучшение инвестиционного климата и привлечение ПИИ станет возможным только при наличии политической воли и целенаправленной политики правительства.</p></sec><sec><title>   Выводы</title><p>   Выводы. Основные возможности для инвестирования в Афганистан обусловлены взаимодействием с правительством страны и вложениями в критичные для развития государства направления. В их числе — инфраструктура, энергетический сектор с потенциалом возобновляемых источников энергии, горнодобывающая промышленность и природные ресурсы, сельское хозяйство и обеспечение продовольственной безопасности, образование, а также здравоохранение и фармацевтика.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim. The work aimed to classify and analyze the main factors that determine the investment climate of countries with a fragile political situation using Afghanistan as an example, which has been experiencing a long period of political instability and is currently in the process of significant political and economic transformations.</p></sec><sec><title>   Objectives</title><p>   Objectives. The work seeks to identify the main factors that determine the investment climate in Afghanistan as a state with a fragile political situation; to analyze the identified factors and highlight the most problematic fields; to characterize the areas for improving the investment climate in Afghanistan under political instability.</p></sec><sec><title>   Methods</title><p>   Methods. The authors employed a qualitative research method, in particular thematic analysis, to collect and analyze data in order to examine investment opportunities and challenges in Taliban-controlled* Afghanistan.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. A number of conclusions were made regarding the investment climate factors. The policy of the current Afghanistan government regarding foreign direct investment (FDI) is not clearly defined, and legal issues are also not regulated. Despite this, the government aims to develop bilateral relationship in the context of individual investment agreements. Regarding the industrial policy, the Afghanistan government does not impose restrictions on the activities of foreign companies, while the protection of property rights and regulation of intellectual property rights are at a low level, and the level of corruption is high. Afghanistan pays significant attention to stabilizing financial policy and developing state-owned enterprises, but to date this has not yielded significant results. Afghanistan’s socio-demographic policy does not promote labor force development. In all fields, the pressure of sanctions on the country seems to be very significant. In such circumstances, improving the investment climate and attracting FDI will be possible only with the presence of political willpower and a targeted government policy.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusions</title><p>   Conclusions. The main opportunities for investing in Afghanistan are determined by interaction with the government of the country and investments in fields critical for the state development. These include infrastructure, the energy sector with the potential of renewable energy sources, mining industry and natural resources, agriculture and food security, education, as well as healthcare and pharmaceuticals industry.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инвестиционный климат</kwd><kwd>Исламский Эмират Афганистан</kwd><kwd>политическая нестабильность</kwd><kwd>прямые иностранные инвестиции</kwd><kwd>инвестиционные стимулы</kwd><kwd>санкции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>investment climate</kwd><kwd>Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</kwd><kwd>political instability</kwd><kwd>foreign direct investment</kwd><kwd>investment incentives</kwd><kwd>sanctions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахимов Т. Р. 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