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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emjume</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика и управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics and Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1627</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-7984</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбУТУиЭ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35854/1998-1627-2025-1-125-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">emjume-2370</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Природа, сущность и классификация цифровых двойников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nature, essence, and classification of digital twins</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3930-0809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Анатольевна Кравченко, аспирант </p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya A. Kravchenko, postgraduate student </p><p>1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kravchenko.anastasia35@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кравченко А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кравченко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kravchenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2370">https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2370</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Исследовать особенности, присущие цифровым двойникам (далее — ЦД) в рамках анализа понятия «цифровой двойник», а также выделить тенденции развития рынка двойников.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи. Провести сравнительный анализ относительно понятия «цифровой двойник» и разработать классификацию ЦД; выявить тенденции развития рынка ЦД в условиях Индустрии 4.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. Теоретическую базу исследования составили публикации в отечественных и зарубежных научных изданиях, нормативно-правовые документы, отчеты международных индустриальных и консалтинговых компаний, а также данные аналитических агентств. Автором использованы методы системного анализа и структурно-функциональный подход.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Мировой рынок ЦД ежегодно растет, а среднегодовой темп роста достигает 39 %. Анализ показал, что в трактовке дефиниции «цифровой двойник» существуют различия как среди компаний-производителей, так и среди представителей научных школ, что обусловле но еще не устоявшимся терминологическим аппаратом, относительно недавним выходом нормативных документов (ISO, ГОСТ) и различием в описании внутренних составляющих технологии двойников у производителей этой цифровой технологии. В статье предложена классификация ЦД исходя из различных типов ЦД, продукта, функций, конечного потреби теля и компонентов. Охарактеризованы тенденции дальнейшего развития рынка ЦД в условиях цифровой трансформации Индустрии 4.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В реалиях цифровой экономики тренд на внедрение технологии ЦД в производственные циклы набирает все большую популярность и является необходимостью для достижения конкурентного преимущества, обеспечения повышения производительности за счет большей автоматизации и высвобождения ресурсов. Рынок ЦД с каждым годом стремитель но растет, а значит, важно не только своевременно увидеть тенденции, чтобы обеспечить отрыв от конкурентов, но и иметь стратегическое видение и понимание технологии. Пред ставленные классификации могут быть полезны руководителям цифровой трансформации в компаниях, внедряющих ЦД в свои производственные циклы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The work aimed to study the features inherent in digital twins (hereinafter referred to as DT) within the analysis of the “digital twin” concept, and to highlight the twin market development trends.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. The work seeks to conduct a comparative analysis regarding the concept of “digital twin” and develop a classification of digital twins, as well as to identify the development trends of the digital twin market in the context of Industry 4.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study theoretical basis consisted of scientific publications in Russia and other countries, regulatory documents, reports of international industrial and consulting companies, as well as data from analytical agencies. The author used methods of system analysis, as well as structural and functional approach.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The global digital twin market is growing annually, and the average annual growth rate reaches 39%. The analysis showed differences in the interpretation of the definition of “digital twin” both among manufacturing companies and among representatives of scientific schools, which is due to the still unsettled terminology, the relatively recent release of regulatory documents (ISO, GOST), and the difference in the description of the internal components of the twin technology among manufacturers of this digital technology. The article proposes a classification of digital twins based on various types of digital twins, product, functions, end-use customers, and components. The work characterizes the trends in the further development of the digital twin market in the context of the digital transformation of Industry 4.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. In the digital economy realities, the trend for the implementation of digital twin technology in manufacturing cycles is gaining more and more popularity and is a necessity for achieving a competitive advantage, while ensuring increased productivity through greater automation and the release of resources. The digital twin market is growing rapidly every year, which implies that it is important not only to see trends in a timely manner in order to lengthen the lead over competitors, but also to have a strategic vision and understanding of the technology. The presented classifications can be useful for digital transformation managers in companies implementing digital twins in their production cycles.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровой двойник</kwd><kwd>цифровая трансформация</kwd><kwd>цифровая модель</kwd><kwd>цифровое моделирование</kwd><kwd>цифровые платформы</kwd><kwd>Индустрия 4.0</kwd><kwd>цифровая экономика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital twin</kwd><kwd>digital transformation</kwd><kwd>digital model</kwd><kwd>digital modeling</kwd><kwd>digital platforms</kwd><kwd>Industry 4.0</kwd><kwd>digital economy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grieves M. Origins of the digital twin concept // Digital twin: Mitigating unpredictable, undesirable emergent behavior in complex systems. Cham: Springer-Verlag, 2017. 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