<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emjume</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика и управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics and Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1627</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-7984</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбУТУиЭ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35854/1998-1627-2024-6-647-655</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">emjume-2131</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL PROBLEMS DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гринвошинг в «зеленых» финансах и меры его предотвращения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Greenwashing in green finance and measures to prevent it</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-2522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бучинская</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buchinskaya</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Николаевна Бучинская, кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра международных финансов; cтарший научный сотрудник Центра экономической теории</p><p>125375, Москва, Настасьинский пер., д. 3, стр. 2</p><p>620014, Екатеринбург, Московская ул., д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Buchinskaya, PhD in Economics, senior researcher at the Center for International Finance; senior researcher at the Center for Economic Theory</p><p>3 Nastas’inskiy lane, bldg. 2, Moscow 125375</p><p>29 Moskovskaya st., Yekaterinburg 620014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gto2000@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт (НИФИ) Министерства финансов Российской Федерации; Институт экономики Уральского отделения Российской академии наук (ИЭ УрО РАН)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Financial Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation (FRI); Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IE UB RAS)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>647</fpage><lpage>655</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бучинская О.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бучинская О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Buchinskaya O.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2131">https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2131</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение явления гринвошинга в сферах выпуска «зеленых» облигаций и деятельности банков.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи. Показать степень изученности проблемы в зарубежной и российской научной литературе; проанализировать методы борьбы с гринвошингом; оценить вероятность появления гринвошинга в финансовой сфере на территории России.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. Автором использованы методы библиографического анализа, изучены законодательство и документация банковских организаций в контексте предотвращения гринвошинга.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Прослеживается рост случаев гринвошинга в финансовой сфере, показаны основные формы его проявления, выделяемые в современной научной литературе. В результате анализа законодательства Европейского союза (ЕC) о противодействии финансовому гринвошингу доказана неэффективность мер Евросоюза по предотвращению недобросовестного поведения эмитентов «зеленых» облигаций и банковских учреждений. При анализе российской практики «зеленых» финансов показана слабая востребованность услуг верификаторов «зеленых» облигаций и низкая степень государственного контроля данной сферы, что может отразиться на распространении финансового гринвошинга в России. По итогам анализа сферы противодействия гринвошингу в сфере «зеленых» финансов на территории России предложены основные направления совершенствования отечественной политики противодействия гринвошингу.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Гринвошинг является актуальной проблемой для развития «зеленых» финансов. Принимаемые меры ЕС по регулированию рынка «зеленых» облигаций не приводят к снижению гринвошинга и даже провоцируют его развитие. Меры по государственному контролю и ужесточению наказания за гринвошинг более действенны, чем упор на раскрытие информации. Это видится значимым не только для европейского, но и для российского рынка, которому предстоит столкнуться с указанной проблемой. Необходимо разрабатывать меры по обнаружению и преодолению недобросовестного поведения участников российских финансовых рынков, включая развитие механизмов государственного контроля, единую методологию оценки «зеленых» облигаций и отчетности эмитентов, а также ответственность эмитентов и верификаторов при обнаружении гринвошинга. Не менее важны стимулирование банков к финансированию «зеленых» проектов и контроль банковской системы в рамках предотвращения гринвошинга.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the phenomenon of greenwashing in the spheres of green bonds issuance and banks’ activities.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. To show the degree of study of the problem in foreign and Russian scientific literature; to analyze the methods of combating greenwashing; to estimate the probability of greenwashing in the financial sphere in Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The author used the methods of bibliographic analysis, studied the legislation and documentation of banking organizations in the context of greenwashing prevention.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The author traces the growth of cases of greenwashing in the financial sphere, shows the main forms of its manifestation emphasized in modern scientific literature. As a result of the analysis of the European Union (EU) legislation on counteraction to financial greenwashing the ineffectiveness of the EU measures on prevention of unfair behavior of issuers of “green” bonds and banking institutions is proved. The analysis of the Russian practice of green finance shows the low demand for the services of green bond verifiers and the low degree of state control over this sphere, which may affect the spread of financial greenwashing in Russia. Based on the results of the analysis of the sphere of counteraction to greenwashing in the sphere of green finance in Russia, the main directions of improvement of the domestic policy of counteraction to greenwashing are proposed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Greenwashing is an urgent problem for the development of green finance. The measures taken by the EU to regulate the green bond market do not lead to a reduction in greenwashing and even provoke its development. Measures on state control and tougher penalties for greenwashing are more effective than the emphasis on information disclosure. This seems significant not only for the European market, but also for the Russian market, which will have to face this problem. It is necessary to develop measures to detect and overcome unfair behavior of participants of Russian financial markets, including the development of state control mechanisms, a unified methodology for assessing green bonds and issuers’ reporting, as well as the responsibility of issuers and verifiers when greenwashing is detected. Equally important are incentives for banks to finance green projects and control of the banking system in the framework of greenwashing prevention.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гринвошинг</kwd><kwd>«зеленые» облигации</kwd><kwd>«зеленое» финансирование</kwd><kwd>ESG-повестка</kwd><kwd>Евросоюз</kwd><kwd>банковский гринвошинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>greenwashing</kwd><kwd>green bonds</kwd><kwd>green finance</kwd><kwd>ESG-awareness</kwd><kwd>EU</kwd><kwd>bank greenwashing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu Y., Li S., Zhou X., Shahzad U., Zhao X. How environmental regulations affect the development of green finance: Recent evidence from polluting firms in China // Renewable Energy. 2022. Vol. 189. P. 917–926. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu Y., Li S., Zhou X., Shahzad U., Zhao X. How environmental regulations affect the development of green finance: Recent evidence from polluting firms in China. Renewable Energy. 2022;189:917-926. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baldi F., Pandimiglio A. The role of ESG scoring and greenwashing risk in explaining the yields of green bonds: A conceptual framework and an econometric analysis // Global Finance Journal. 2022. Vol. 52. Article 100711. DOI: 10.1016/j.gfj.2022.100711</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baldi F., Pandimiglio A. The role of ESG scoring and greenwashing risk in explaining the yields of green bonds: A conceptual framework and an econometric analysis. Global Finance Journal. 2022;52:100711. DOI: 10.1016/j.gfj.2022.100711</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu G., Lu N., Tong Y. Greenwashing and credit spread: Evidence from the Chinese green bond market // Finance research letters. 2022. Vol. 48. Article 102927. DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2022.102927</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu G., Lu N., Tong Y. Greenwashing and credit spread: Evidence from the Chinese green bond market. Finance Research Letters. 2022;48:102927. DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2022.102927</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fatica S., Panzica R. Green bonds as a tool against climate change? // Business Strategy and the Environment. 2021. Vol. 30. No. 5. P. 2688–2701. DOI: 10.1002/bse.2771</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fatica S., Panzica R. Green bonds as a tool against climate change? Business Strategy and the Environment. 2021;30(5):2688-2701. DOI: 10.1002/bse.2771</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berrou R., Ciampoli N., Marini V. Defining green finance: Existing standards and main challenges // M. Migliorelli, P. Dessertine, eds. The rise of green finance in Europe: Opportunities and challenges for issuers, investors and marketplaces. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. P. 31–51. (Palgrave Studies in Impact Finance). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22510-0_2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berrou R., Ciampoli N., Marini V. Defining green finance: Existing standards and main challenges. In: Migliorelli M., Dessertine P., eds. The rise of green finance in Europe: Opportunities and challenges for issuers, investors and marketplaces. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan; 2019:31-51. (Palgrave Studies in Impact Finance). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22510-0_2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flammer C. Corporate green bonds // Journal of financial economics. 2021. Vol. 142. No. 2. P. 499–516. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.01.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flammer C. Corporate green bonds. Journal of Financial Economics. 2021;142(2):499-516. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.01.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi X., Ma J., Jiang A., Wei S., Yue L. Green bonds: Green investments or greenwashing? // International Review of Financial Analysis. 2023. Vol. 90. Article 102850. DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102850</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi X., Ma J., Jiang A., Wei S., Yue L. Green bonds: Green investments or greenwashing? International Review of Financial Analysis. 2023;90:102850. DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102850</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu C., Li W., Chang L., Ji Q. How to govern greenwashing behaviors in green finance products: A tripartite evolutionary game approach // Financial Innovation. 2024. Vol. 10. No. 1. Article 34. DOI: 10.1186/s40854-023-00549-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu C., Li W., Chang L., Ji Q. How to govern greenwashing behaviors in green finance products: A tripartite evolutionary game approach. Financial Innovation. 2024;10(1):34. DOI: 10.1186/s40854-023-00549-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu C., Wang J., Ji Q., Zhang D. To be green or not to be: How governmental regulation shapes financial institutions’ greenwashing behaviors in green finance // International Review of Financial Analysis. 2024. Vol. 93. Article 103225. DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103225</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu C., Wang J., Ji Q., Zhang D. To be green or not to be: How governmental regulation shapes financial institutions’ greenwashing behaviors in green finance. International Review of Financial Analysis. 2024;93:103225. DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103225</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Li Z., Xu J., Liu Y., Meng Q. How does the government policy combination prevents greenwashing in green building projects? An evolutionary game perspective // Buildings. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 4. Article 917. DOI: 10.3390/buildings13040917</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Li Z., Xu J., Liu Y., Meng Q. How does the government policy combination prevents greenwashing in green building projects? An evolutionary game perspective. Buildings. 2023;13(4):917. DOI: 10.3390/buildings13040917</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu M. W., Shen C. H. Corporate social responsibility in the banking industry: Motives and financial performance // Journal of Banking &amp; Finance. 2013. Vol. 37. No. 9. P. 3529–3547. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.04.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu M.-W., Shen C.-H. Corporate social responsibility in the banking industry: Motives and financial performance. Journal of Banking &amp; Finance. 2013;37(9):3529-3547. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.04.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khalil S., O’Sullivan P. Corporate social responsibility: Internet social and environmental reporting by banks // Meditari accountancy research. 2017. Vol. 25. No. 3. P. 414–446. DOI: 10.1108/MEDAR-10-2016-0082</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khalil S., O’Sullivan P. Corporate social responsibility: Internet social and environmental reporting by banks. Meditari Accountancy Research. 2017;25(3):414-446. DOI: 10.1108/MEDAR-10-2016-0082</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gigante G., Greggio P., Cerri A. Is all that glitters that “green”? An empirical investigation of the magnitude of greenwashing in banking and its determinants // S. Carbó-Valverde, P. J. Cuadros-Solas, eds. New challenges for the banking industry: Searching for balance between corporate governance, sustainability and innovation. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023. P. 145–183. (Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32931-9_7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gigante G., Greggio P., Cerri A. Is all that glitters that “green”? An empirical investigation of the magnitude of greenwashing in banking and its determinants. In: Carbó-Valverde S., Cuadros-Solas P.J., eds. New challenges for the banking industry: Searching for balance between corporate governance, sustainability and innovation. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan; 2023:145-183. (Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32931-9_7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowers B., Boyd N., McGoun E. Greenbacks, green banks, and greenwashing via LEED: Assessing banks’ performance in sustainable construction // Sustainability: The Journal of Record. 2020. Vol. 13. No. 5. P. 208–217. DOI: 10.1089/sus.2020.0009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowers B., Boyd N., McGoun E. Greenbacks, green banks, and greenwashing via LEED: Assessing banks’ performance in sustainable construction. Sustainability: The Journal of Record. 2020;13(5):208-217. DOI: 10.1089/sus.2020.0009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galletta S., Mazzù S., Naciti V., Paltrinieri A. A PRISMA systematic review of greenwashing in the banking industry: A call for action // Research in International Business and Finance. 2024. Vol. 69. Article 102262. DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102262</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galletta S., Mazzù S., Naciti V., Paltrinieri A. A PRISMA systematic review of greenwashing in the banking industry: A call for action. Research in International Business and Finance. 2024;69:102262. DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102262</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">On the rise: Navigating the wave of greenwashing and social washing // RepRisk. October. 2023. URL: https://www.reprisk.com/news-research/reports/on-the-rise-navigating-the-wave-of-greenwashing-and-social-washing (дата обращения: 12.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">On the rise: Navigating the wave of greenwashing and social washing. RepRisk. October 2023. URL: https://www.reprisk.com/news-research/reports/on-the-rise-navigating-the-wave-of-greenwashing-and-social-washing (accessed on 12.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spotting greenwashing with ESG data // RepRisk. July. 2022. URL: https://www.reprisk.com/news-research/reports/spotting-greenwashing-with-esg-data (дата обращения: 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spotting greenwashing with ESG data. RepRisk. July 2022. URL: https://www.reprisk.com/news-research/reports/spotting-greenwashing-with-esg-data (accessed on 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leung V., Wan W., Wong J. Greenwashing in the corporate green bond markets // Hong Kong Monetary Authority Research Memorandum. 2022. No. 8. URL: https://www.hkma.gov.hk/media/eng/publication-and-research/research/research-memorandums/2022/RM08-2022.pdf (дата обращения: 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leung V., Wan W., Wong J. Greenwashing in the corporate green bond markets. Hong Kong Monetary Authority Research Memorandum. 2022;(8). URL: https://www.hkma.gov.hk/media/eng/publication-and-research/research/research-memorandums/2022/RM08-2022.pdf (accessed on 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sustainability-linked bonds: Building a high quality market. London: Climate Bonds Initiative, 2024. 36 p. URL: https://www.climatebonds.net/files/reports/cbi_slb_report_2024_04d.pdf (дата обращения: 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sustainability-linked bonds: Building a high quality market. London: Climate Bonds Initiative; 2024. 36 p. URL: https://www.climatebonds.net/files/reports/cbi_slb_report_2024_04d.pdf (accessed on 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The European green bond standard — Supporting the transition // European Commission. URL: https://finance.ec.europa.eu/sustainable-finance/tools-and-standards/european-green-bond-standard-supporting-transition_en (дата обращения: 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The European green bond standard — Supporting the transition. European Commission. URL: https://finance.ec.europa.eu/sustainable-finance/tools-and-standards/european-green-bond-standard-supporting-transition_en (accessed on 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">García E. C., Agostini F. The green bonds market in the light of European Commission’s proposal: Implications for greenwashing liability // D. Ramos Muñoz, A. Smoleńska, eds. Greening the bond market: A European perspective. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023. P. 127–174. (EBI Studies in Banking and Capital Markets Law). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38692-3_6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">García E.C., Agostini F. The green bonds market in the light of European Commission’s proposal: Implications for greenwashing liability. In: Ramos Muñoz D., Smoleńska A., eds. Greening the bond market: A European perspective. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan; 2023:127-174. (EBI Studies in Banking and Capital Markets Law). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38692-3_6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pyka M. The EU green bond standard: A plausible response to the deficiencies of the EU green bond market? // European Business Organization Law Review. 2023. Vol. 24. No. 4. P. 623–643. DOI: 10.1007/s40804-023-00278-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pyka M. The EU green bond standard: A plausible response to the deficiencies of the EU green bond market? European Business Organization Law Review. 2023;24(4):623-643. DOI: 10.1007/s40804-023-00278-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simpson N. Bank greenwashing: Website edition // Bank.green. December 4. 2023. URL: https://bank.green/blog/bank-greenwashing-website-editions (дата обращения: 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simpson N. Bank greenwashing: Website edition. Bank.green. Dec. 04, 2023. URL: https://bank.green/blog/bank-greenwashing-website-editions (accessed on 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenwashing in banking: Real concern or overblown issue? // Asian Banking &amp; Finance. URL: https://asianbankingandfinance.net/retail-banking/exclusive/greenwashing-in-banking-real-concern-or-overblown-issue (дата обращения: 15.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenwashing in banking: Real concern or overblown issue? Asian Banking &amp; Finance. URL: https://asianbankingandfinance.net/retail-banking/exclusive/greenwashing-in-banking-real-concern-or-overblown-issue (accessed on 15.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salkeld I. Are banks greenwashing with their ‘green finance’ claims? // ShareAction. 22 November. 2023. URL: https://shareaction.org/news/are-banks-greenwashing-with-their-green-finance-claims (дата обращения: 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salkeld I. Are banks greenwashing with their ‘green finance’ claims? ShareAction. Nov. 22, 2023. URL: https://shareaction.org/news/are-banks-greenwashing-with-their-green-finance-claims (accessed on 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bank group accused of exploiting loopholes and ‘greenwashing’ in climate pledge // The Guardian. 15 June. 2022. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/15/ banks-agreeing-climate-pledge-gfanz-accused-of-exploiting-loopholes-greenwashing (дата обращения: 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bank group accused of exploiting loopholes and ‘greenwashing’ in climate pledge. The Guardian. Jun. 15, 2022. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/15/ banks-agreeing-climate-pledge-gfanz-accused-of-exploiting-loopholes-greenwashing (accessed on 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глава ООН: постепенный отказ от угля — ключевой приоритет в сфере климата // UN Climate Change. 2022. 18 января. URL: https://unfccc.int/ru/news/glava-oon-postepennyy-otkaz-ot-uglya-klyuchevoy-prioritet-v-sfere-klimata (дата обращения: 15.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UN Chief: Phase out of coal is key climate priority. United Nations Climate Change. Jan. 18, 2022. URL: https://unfccc.int/news/un-chief-phase-out-of-coal-is-key-climate-priority (accessed on 15.04.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлова Е. А., Дружинина А. Р., Иванов Д. С. Анализ методов внешнего и внутреннего экологического менеджмента организаций, способов минимизации гринвошинга // Научный журнал НИУ ИТМО. Серия: Экономика и экологический менеджмент. 2022. № 1. С. 126–133. DOI: 10.17586/2310-1172-2022-15-1-126-133</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlova E.A., Druzhinina A.R., Ivanov D.S. Analysis of the methods of external and internal environmental management of organizations, ways to minimize greenwashing. Nauchnyi zhurnal NIU ITMO. Seriya: Ekonomika i ekologicheskii menedzhment = Scientific Journal NRU ITMO. Series: Economics and Environmental Management. 2022;(1):126-133. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17586/2310-1172-2022-15-1-126-133</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Верификаторы // ВЭБ.ру. URL: https://veb.ru/ustojchivoe-razvitie/zeljonoe-finansirovanie/perechen-verifikatorov/?ysclid=luweqh3wek973708678 (дата обращения: 17.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verifiers. VEB.RF. URL: https://veb.ru/ustojchivoe-razvitie/zeljonoe-finansirovanie/perechen-verifikatorov/?ysclid=luweqh3wek973708678 (accessed on 17.04.2024). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бик С. Грозит ли России гринвошинг национального масштаба? // Infragreen. 2020. 12 октября. URL: https://infragreen.ru/expertise/134747 (дата обращения: 15.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bik S. Is Russia facing greenwashing on a national scale? Infragreen. Oct. 12, 2020. URL: https://infragreen.ru/expertise/134747 (accessed on 15.04.2024). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронина Н. П. Гринвошинг: правовой механизм противодействия // Вестник Университета имени О. Е. Кутафина (МГЮА). 2023. № 3. С. 28–36. DOI: 10.17803/2311-5998.2023.103.3.028-036</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronina N.P. Greenwashing: A legal mechanism to counteract. Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina (MGYuA) = Courier of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL). 2023;(3):28-36. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17803/2311-5998.2023.103.3.028-036</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О рекомендациях по предоставлению (раскрытию) финансовыми организациями информации клиентам о финансовых продуктах устойчивого развития: информационное письмо Банка России от 24 мая 2023 г. № ИН-02-28/38 // Гарант.ру: информ.-правовой портал. URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/406844774/ (дата обращения: 17.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">On recommendations for the provision (disclosure) by financial organizations of information to clients about financial products of sustainable development. Information letter of the Bank of Russia dated May 24, 2023 No. IN-02-28/38. Garant.ru. URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/406844774/ (accessed on 17.04.2024). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
