<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emjume</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика и управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics and Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1627</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-7984</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбУТУиЭ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35854/1998-1627-2023-11-1400-1410</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">emjume-1897</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Концепция «Робот как услуга» в складской логистике и перспективы ее развития в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The concept of “Robot as a service” in warehousing logistics and prospects for its development in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Понкратов-Вайсман</surname><given-names>Б. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponkratov-Vaysman</surname><given-names>B. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Денисович Понкратов-Вайсман, аспирант кафедры экономики инноваций</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris D. Ponkratov-Vaysman, postgraduate student at the Department of Economics of Innovations</p><p>1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jukea1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1400</fpage><lpage>1410</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Понкратов-Вайсман Б.Д., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Понкратов-Вайсман Б.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ponkratov-Vaysman B.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1897">https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1897</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Представить обзор концепции «Как услуга» в контексте роботизации, провести аналитическое исследование в процессе сравнения традиционной модели роботизации и модели RaaS, а также оценить потенциал технологической корпорации в разработке RaaS-решений для различных секторов и субъектов экономики.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи. Оценить динамику развития электронной коммерции, складской логистики и их взаимозависимость через призму цифровой трансформации; исследовать эволюционное возникновение бизнес-модели «Как услуга», в том числе применительно к роботизации; сравнить традиционную модель роботизации и модель RaaS в аспекте преимуществ, ограничений и потенциальных бизнес-сценариев; проанализировать практическую релевантность внедрения RaaS-решений для субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства (МСП) и нетехнологических корпораций.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. Методологическую основу исследования составил анализ профессиональной и академической литературы. Эмпирический анализ, выраженный в оценке практической релевантности RaaS-концепции, выполнен на основе отчетных данных о реализованных в индустрии проектах.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В эпоху электронной коммерции роботизация складской логистики демонстрирует существенный потенциал для улучшения эффективности. Внедрение роботизированных решений является вызовом из-за высоких начальных инвестиций, что особенно становится чувствительным для субъектов МСП. Концепция RaaS имеет эволюционный характер и предоставляет возможность более активно развивать свой бизнес путем роботизации складских процессов, а также открывает перспективы для нового бизнес-сегмента технологическим корпорациям в качестве поставщика RaaS-услуг.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Модель RaaS более конкурентоспособна по сравнению с традиционной моделью роботизации, особенно в контексте субъектов МСП и нетехнологических представителей среднего и крупного бизнеса. Технологические корпорации, имеющие собственное подразделение роботизации, могут не только самостоятельно использовать своих роботов, но и развиваться в качестве поставщика услуг RaaS. Пользователями этой услуги могут выступать как субъекты МСП, так и представители крупного бизнеса. Распространение роботизации окажет существенное влияние на уровень инновационного развития и, как следствие, эффективности деятельности в целом. Исследование подтверждает актуальность и перспективность концепции RaaS в сфере складской логистики, а также выдвигает предположение о потенциальном провайдере RaaS-услуг в России.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To present an overview of the “Robot as a Service” concept in the context of robotization, to conduct an analytical study in the process of comparing the traditional robotization model and RaaS model, as well as to assess the potential of a technology corporation in the development of RaaS solutions for various sectors and subjects of the economy.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. To assess the dynamics of e-commerce, warehouse logistics and their interdependence through the prism of digital transformation; to investigate the evolutionary emergence of the business model “As a Service”, including in relation to robotization; to compare the traditional model of robotization and RaaS model in terms of advantages, limitations and potential business scenarios; to analyze the practical relevance of implementing RaaS solutions for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and non-technology corporations.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The methodological basis of the study was the analysis of professional and academic literature. Empirical analysis, expressed in the assessment of practical relevance of RaaS-concept, was carried out on the basis of reported data on the projects implemented in the industry.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the era of e-commerce, robotization of warehouse logistics shows significant potential to improve efficiency. The implementation of robotic solutions is a challenge due to the high initial investment, which becomes particularly sensitive for SMEs. The RaaS concept is evolutionary in nature and provides an opportunity to grow their business more proactively by robotizing warehouse processes, and offers prospects for a new business segment to technology corporations as a RaaS service provider.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The RaaS model is more competitive than the traditional robotization model, especially in the context of SMEs and non-technological representatives of medium and large businesses. Technology corporations with their own robotization division can not only use their robots independently, but also develop as a RaaS service provider. Both SMEs and large businesses can be users of this service. The spread of robotization will have a significant impact on the level of innovative development and, as a consequence, on the efficiency of activities in general. The study confirms the relevance and prospects of the RaaS concept in the field of warehouse logistics, as well as suggests a potential provider of RaaS services in Russia.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>роботизация</kwd><kwd>цифровая трансформация</kwd><kwd>складская логистика</kwd><kwd>электронная коммерция</kwd><kwd>концепция «Как услуга»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>robotization</kwd><kwd>digital transformation</kwd><kwd>warehousing logistics</kwd><kwd>e-commerce</kwd><kwd>as-a-service concept</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Апостолов И. Ю. Эволюция складов в современных логистических цепочках // Современные экономические процессы. 2021. № 2. С. 60–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Apostolov I.Yu. Warehouse evolution in contemporary logistic chains. Sovremennye ekonomicheskie protsessy = Сurrent Economic Trends. 2021;(2):60-79. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фразелли Э. Мировые стандарты складской логистики / пер. с англ. М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2012. 330 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frazelle E. World-class warehousing and material handling. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2001. 256 p. (Russ. ed.: Frazelle E. Mirovye standarty skladskoi logistiki.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куликова О. М., Суворова С. Д. Маркетплейс: бизнес-модель современной торговли // Инновационная экономика: перспективы развития и совершенствования. 2020. № 6. С. 50–55. DOI: 10.47581/2020/10.23.PS85/IE/5.48.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moscow: Alpina Publisher; 2012. 330 p.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Складские роботы // НИССА Инжиниринг. URL: https://nissa-eng.ru/category/baza/skladskie-roboty/?ysclid=lnk1dw4e62571948395 (дата обращения: 01.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulikova O.M., Suvorova S.D. Marketplace: The business model of the modern trade. Innovatsionnaya ekonomika: perspektivy razvitiya i sovershenstvovaniya = Innovation</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">10 years of Amazon robotics // aboutamazon.com. 22 June. 2022. URL: https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/operations/10-years-of-amazon-robotics-how-robots-help-sort-packages-move-product-and-improve-safety#:~:text=June%2021%2C%202022,a%20robotics%20company%20called%20Kiva (дата обращения: 02.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Economy: Prospects for Development and Improvement. 2020;(6):50-55. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.47581/2020/10.23.PS85/IE/5.48.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Форд М. Роботы наступают. Развитие технологий и будущее без работы / пер. с англ. М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2016. 430 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warehouse robots. NISSA Engineering. URL: https://nissa-eng.ru/category/baza/skladskie-roboty/?ysclid=lnk1dw4e62571948395 (accessed on 01.05.2023). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусаченко Н. Рынок складских роботов в России находится в зачаточном состоянии // РЖД-Партнер.РУ. 2021. 21 октября. URL: https://www.rzd-partner.ru/logistics/news/rynok-skladskikh-robotov-v-rossii-nakhoditsya-v-zachatochnom-sostoyanii/ (дата обращения: 02.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10 years of Amazon robotics. Aboutamazon.com, Inc. June 22, 2022. URL: https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/operations/10-years-of-amazon-robotics-how-robots-help-sort-packages-move-product-and-improve-safety#:~:text=June%2021%2C%202022,a%20robotics%20company%20called%20Kiva (accessed on 02.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">В 2021 году в Decathlon развернута крупнейшая в России система роботизации складской логистики // НИССА Инжиниринг. URL: https://nissa-eng.ru/kejsy/sklady/decathlonroboty-2021/ (дата обращения: 03.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ford M. Rise of the robots: Technology and the threat of a jobless future. New York, NY: Basic Books; 2016. 368 p. (Russ. ed.: Ford M. Roboty nastupayut. Razvitie tekhnologii i budushchee bez raboty. Moscow: Alpina Non-Fiction; 2016. 430 p.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Что такое Яндекс Маркет и как он работает // Fireseo. URL: https://fireseo.ru/blog/chtotakoe-yandeks-market-i-kak-on-rabotaet (дата обращения: 03.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusachenko N. The market for warehouse robots in Russia is in its infancy. RZD-Partner. Oct. 21, 2021. URL: https://www.rzd-partner.ru/logistics/news/rynok-skladskikh-robotov-v-rossii-nakhoditsya-v-zachatochnom-sostoyanii/ (accessed on 02.05.2023). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сервисы для разных сфер жизни. Ключевые сервисы Яндекса // Яндекс. URL: https://ir.yandex.ru/about/ecosystem (дата обращения: 04.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">In 2021, Decathlon will deploy the largest warehouse logistics robotization system in Russia. NISSA Engineering. URL: https://nissa-eng.ru/kejsy/sklady/decathlon-roboty-2021/ (accessed on 03.05.2023). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Центр робототехники Яндекс Маркета // Яндекс. URL: https://yandex.ru/project/rec-comms/events/ya-market-robotics (дата обращения: 04.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">What Yandex Market is, and how it works. Fireseo. URL: https://fireseo.ru/blog/chto-takoeyandeks-market-i-kak-on-rabotaet (accessed on 03.05.2023). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Robotics 2021 – Service Robots report released // International Federation of Robotics. URL: https://ifr.org/ifr-press-releases/news/service-robots-hit-double-digit-growthworldwide (дата обращения: 05.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Services for different areas of life. Key services of Yandex. Yandex. URL: https://ir.yandex.ru/about/ecosystem (accessed on 04.05.2023). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Активизация ММСП во всем мире путем поддержки женского и молодежного предпринимательства и устойчивых цепочек поставок // Организация Объединенных Наций (ООН). URL: https://clck.ru/35MVFN (дата обращения: 06.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yandex Market Robotics Center. Yandex. URL: https://yandex.ru/project/rec-comms/events/ya-market-robotics (accessed on 04.05.2023). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Число занятых в сегменте МСП в РФ выросло за 2020 год на 1,1 % // Министерство экономического развития РФ. 2021. 14 января. URL: https://clck.ru/35MUQX (дата обращения: 07.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Robotics 2021 – Service Robots report released. International Federation of Robotics. URL: https://ifr.org/ifr-press-releases/news/service-robots-hit-double-digit-growth-worldwide (accessed on 05.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Bank Group support for small and medium enterprises: A synthesis of evaluative findings. Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2019. 73 p. URL: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/fr/640401570040096569/pdf/World-Bank-Group-Support-for-Smalland-Medium-Enterprises-A-Synthesis-of-Evaluative-Findings.pdf (дата обращения: 08.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galvanizing MSMEs worldwide by supporting women and youth entrepreneurship and resilient supply chains. United Nations. URL: https://www.un.org/en/observances/microsmall-medium-businesses-day (accessed on 06.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chai W., Casey K. Software as a Service (SaaS) // TechTarget. 2019. URL: https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Software-as-a-Service (дата обращения: 08.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The number of employees in the segment of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation increased by 1.1% in 2020. Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Jan. 14, 2021. URL: https://clck.ru/35MUQX (accessed on 07.05.2023). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">SaaS (мировой рынок) // TAdviser. 2022. 15 марта. URL: https://clck.ru/35HXKd (дата обращения: 08.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Bank Group support for small and medium enterprises: A synthesis of evaluative findings. Washington, DC: World Bank Group; 2019. 73 p. URL: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/fr/640401570040096569/pdf/World-Bank-Group-Support-for-Small-and-Medium-Enterprises-A-Synthesis-of-Evaluative-Findings.pdf (accessed on 08.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robots-as-a-service (RaaS) // Formant. URL: https://formant.io/robots-as-a-service/ (дата обращения: 09.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chai W., Casey K. Software as a Service (SaaS). TechTarget. 2019. URL: https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Software-as-a-Service (accessed on 08.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yates G. Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS) business models in the market // Apera. 19 December. 2021. URL: https://apera.io/p/robot-as-a-service-raas-business-models-in-the-mar (дата обращения: 11.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SaaS (world market). TAdviser. Mar. 15, 2022. URL: https://clck.ru/35HXKd (accessed on 08.05.2023). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global robot as a service market size to reach around USD 44 billion by 2028 // Facts &amp; Factors Research. 10 March. 2022. URL: https://www.fnfresearch.com/news/global-robotas-a-service-market (дата обращения: 11.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robots-as-a-service (RaaS). Formant. URL: https://formant.io/robots-as-a-service/ (accessed on 09.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warehouse automation // WEBstaurant Store. URL: https://www.webstaurantstore.com/article/797/warehouse-automation.html (дата обращения: 12.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yates G. Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS) business models in the market. Apera. Dec. 19, 2021. URL: https://apera.io/p/robot-as-a-service-raas-business-models-in-the-mar (accessed on 11.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global robot as a service market size to reach around USD 44 billion by 2028. Facts &amp; Factors Research. Mar. 10, 2022. URL: https://www.fnfresearch.com/news/global-robot-asa-service-market (accessed on 11.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global robot as a service market size to reach around USD 44 billion by 2028. Facts &amp; Factors Research. Mar. 10, 2022. URL: https://www.fnfresearch.com/news/global-robot-asa-service-market (accessed on 11.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warehouse automation. WEBstaurant Store. URL: https://www.webstaurantstore.com/article/797/warehouse-automation.html (accessed on 12.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warehouse automation. WEBstaurant Store. URL: https://www.webstaurantstore.com/article/797/warehouse-automation.html (accessed on 12.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
