<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emjume</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика и управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics and Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1627</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-7984</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбУТУиЭ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35854/1998-1627-2022-4-396-403</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">emjume-1322</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Об оценке прогностического потенциала зарубежной советологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the predictive potential of international Sovietology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-085X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Борисович Назаренко, аспирант кафедры истории народного хозяйства и экономических учений экономического факультета</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim B. Nazarenko, Postgraduate Student of the Department of History of the National Economy and Economic Studies, Faculty of Economics</p><p>1-46 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nazarenko_nax@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>396</fpage><lpage>403</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Назаренко М.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Назаренко М.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nazarenko M.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1322">https://emjume.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1322</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести обзор и анализ мнений зарубежных советологов относительно путей развития советской экономики позднесоциалистического периода, а также выявления проблем прогностического потенциала зарубежной советологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи. Изучить сценарии развития советской экономической модели предперестроечного периода и проблемы при их прогнозировании зарубежными аналитиками.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. Объектом изучения стала зарубежная историография экономической истории СССР предперестроечного периода. Источниками информации послужили данные официальной статистики и работы зарубежных аналитиков. Авторами настоящей статьи используются общенаучные методы исследования, а также методы историко-экономического анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ зарубежных исследований показывает, что выдвигавшиеся советологами перед перестройкой гипотетические сценарии развития Советского Союза основывались на прогнозах предыдущих лет, противоречивых статистических данных и научных методах, апробированных в условиях капиталистической экономической модели. Между тем советская плановая социалистическая модель представляла собой иной тип экономики, который ранее не пытались реализовать на практике в масштабах страны (ситуация остается прежней и в рассматриваемый нами период). Согласно позиции зарубежных исследователей, несмотря на низкий рост показателей валового внутреннего продукта (ВВП) на душу населения и главного флагмана экономики — промышленного сектора (с учетом падения нефтяных доходов и ужесточения санкционной политики против СССР в начале 1980-х гг.), экономика оставалась стабильной. Благодаря большим запасам прочности в виде развитой промышленности, сельского хозяйства, инфраструктуры, высокого научного потенциала и огромному запасу природных ресурсов дальнейшее существование СССР не подвергалось сомнению.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Многие советологи писали о необходимости фундаментальных изменений в советской плановой экономической системе. Вместе с тем учитывали значительные трудности и риски, связанные с возможными реформами, полагая, что последствиями радикального внедрения рынка в плановую экономику могут быть существенные потрясения. Это одна из причин, ввиду которых в доперестроечный период мало кто из западных аналитиков допускал вероятность проведения масштабных преобразований в ближайшее время.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The work aimed to review and analyze the opinions of international Sovietologists regarding the ways of the Soviet economy development of the late socialist period, as well as to identify problems of the prognostic potential of international Sovietology.</p></sec><sec><title>Tasks</title><p>Tasks. The work was performed to study scenarios for the development of the pre-perestroika Soviet economic model and problems in their prediction by international analysts.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The object of study was the international historiography of the USSR economic history in the pre-perestroika period. The sources of information were official statistics and the works of international analysts. The authors of this article used general scientific research methods, as well as methods of historical and economic analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An analysis of international studies shows that the hypothetical scenarios for the development of the Soviet Union put forward by Sovietologists before perestroika were based on prognosis of previous years, conflicting statistical data and scientific methods tested under the conditions of the capitalist economic model. Meanwhile, the Soviet planned socialist model represented a different type of economy, which had not previously been tried to be implemented on a national scale (the situation remains the same in the period considered). According to the position of international researchers, despite the low growth values of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the main leader of the economy, the industrial sector (taking into account the fall in oil revenues and stiffening of sanctions against the USSR in the early 1980s), the economy remained stable. Due to large margins of safety in the form of developed industry, agriculture, infrastructure, high scientific potential, and a huge stock of natural resources, the further existence of the USSR was not in doubt.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Many Sovietologists have written about the need for fundamental changes in the Soviet planned economic system. At the same time, they took into account the significant difficulties and risks associated with possible reforms, believing that the consequences of the radical introduction of the market into the planned economy could be significant disturbances. This is one of the reasons why, in the pre-perestroika period, few Western analysts admitted the possibility of large-scale reforms in the near future.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>советология</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>прогнозы</kwd><kwd>экономические реформы</kwd><kwd>ретроспектива</kwd><kwd>плановая экономика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Sovietology</kwd><kwd>efficiency</kwd><kwd>forecasts</kwd><kwd>economic reforms</kwd><kwd>retrospective</kwd><kwd>planned economy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ellman M. Socialist Planning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 435 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellman M. Socialist planning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2014. 435 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Höhmann H.-H. Sowjetische Wirtschaft 1981/82: Wirtschaftslage, Stand des 11. Fünfjahresplans, Entwicklungsperspektiven, alternative Modelle der Wirtschaftspolitik. Köln: Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien, 1982. 62 s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Höhmann H.-H. Sowjetische Wirtschaft 1981/82: Wirtschaftslage, Stand des 11. Fünfjahresplans, Entwicklungsperspektiven, alternative Modelle der Wirtschaftspolitik. Köln: Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien; 1982. 62 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Götz-Coenenberg R. Die Preisbildung in der UdSSR am Beginn des 12. Fünfjahrplans: Grundprobleme und Reformaussichten. Köln: Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien, 1986. 81 s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Götz-Coenenberg R. Die Preisbildung in der UdSSR am Beginn des 12. Fünfjahrplans: Grundprobleme und Reformaussichten. Köln: Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien; 1986. 81 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanson P. Success Indicators Revisited: the July 1979 Soviet Decree on Planning and Management // Soviet studies. 1983. Vol. 35. No. 1. P. 1–13. DOI: 10.1080/09668138308411455</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanson P. Success indicators revisited: The July 1979 Soviet decree on planning and management. Soviet Studies. 1983;35(1):1-13. DOI: 10.1080/09668138308411455</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berliner J. S. Soviet Industry From Stalin to Gorbachev. Essays on Management and Innovation. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988. 306 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berliner J.S. Soviet industry from Stalin to Gorbachev: Essays on management and innovation. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; 1988. 306 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kontorovich V. Economists, Soviet Growth Slowdown, and the Collapse // Europe-Asia Studies. 2001. Vol. 53. No. 5. P. 675–695. DOI: 10.1080/09668130120060224</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kontorovich V. Economists, Soviet growth slowdown, and the collapse. Europe-Asia Studies. 2001;53(5):675-695. DOI: 10.1080/09668130120060224</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bergson A. Conclusions // The USSR in the1980s. NATO-Directorate of Economic Affairs. Brussels: NATO, 1978. Vol. 7. P. 241–242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bergson A. Conclusions. In: The USSR in the1980s: Colloquium held 17th-19th January, 1978 in Brussels. Brussels: NATO Directorate of Economic Affairs; 1978:241-242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nove A. The Soviet Economy: Problems and Prospects // The New Left Review. 1980. No. 119 P. 1–17. URL: https://newleftreview.org/issues/i119/articles/alec-nove-problemsand-prospects-of-the-soviet-economy (дата обращения: 23.03.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nove A. Problems and prospects of the Soviet economy. New Left Review. 1980;(119):1-17. URL: https://newleftreview.org/issues/i119/articles/alec-nove-problems-and-prospects-ofthe-soviet-economy (accessed on 23.03.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bond D. L. Prospects for the Soviet Economy // The Technological Level of Soviet Industry / ed. by R. Amann, J. Cooper, R. W. Davies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977. P. 170–183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bond D.L. Prospects for the Soviet economy. In: Amann R., Cooper J., Davies R.W., eds. The technological level of Soviet industry. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 1977:170-183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohn S. H. Economic Development in the Soviet Union. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1970. 135 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohn S.H. Economic development in the Soviet Union. Lexington, MA: Heath Lexington Books; 1970. 135 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sovsim, A Model of the Soviet Economy. Washington, DC: CIA, National Foreign Assessment Center, 1979. 45 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SOVSIM, a model of the Soviet economy. Washington, DC: CIA, National Foreign Assessment Center; 1979. 45 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenslande R. The Real Gross National Product of the USSR, 1950–1975 // Soviet Economy in a New Perspective. Washington, DC: US GPO, 1976. P. 270–300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenslande R.V. The real gross national product of the USSR, 1950-1975. In: Soviet economy in a new perspective. Washington, DC: US GPO; 1976:270-300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bergson A. Productivity and the Social System – the USSR and the West. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978. 256 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bergson A. Productivity and the social system – the USSR and the West. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1978. 256 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
